Macro lens

A macro lens is different from the rest ( normal lens , portrait ) for its specialized purpose for macro photography (photographing small objects from a short distance). A normal ( standard ) lens with a focal length of 50 mm has an aberration correction for shooting from a minimum distance of 50 f —100 f (2.5—5 m). When photographing at high magnification (less than 10 f , 0.5 m), the image quality deteriorates significantly. That is why specialized lenses have been developed that allow obtaining a high-quality image of an object on a 1: 1 scale (double extension of the lens unit, if the lens has a focal length of 50 mm, then it must be pushed 100 mm from the film plane).

Structurally, you can select lenses that are designed only for macro and universal, able to focus (and create a high-quality image) from the "infinity" and less.

Macro lenses can be of different focal lengths (from wide-angle to long-focus ), for which it can be constant ( fixed lenses ) or variable ( zoom lenses ). It should be noted that the macro zoom is a zoom lens and a macro lens (or a macro lens system), specifically designed as a single optical system (which is better from an optical point of view than a universal zoom lens and macro nozzle), and the macro fixed lens is a single optical lens. system (leads to a simpler design and greater luminosity).

The main and most important parameter is the magnitude of the extension of the lens unit, which determines the scale of the image.

Some macro lenses do not have a focusing system and are intended only for collaboration with furs .

When macro shooting (with a significant shift of the lens unit from the plane of the film or the matrix), the lens aperture ratio decreases, which requires amending the exposure parameters. With an image scale of 1: 1, the distance between the film (matrix) is doubled, which requires an increase in exposure by four times (see the inverse square law ). In cameras with an objective exposure metering, the amendment is automatically entered.

Due to the small focusing distance (determined by the large depth of the sharply depicted space ), wide-angle lenses allow photographing very small objects by approaching the subject, although this adds additional optical distortion (mainly distortion ) to the image.

Main settings:

• magnification (scaling) is equal to the ratio of the size of the object on the negative to the real;
• depth of sharply depicted space .

Accessories:

• Blend for a macro lens or specially selected.
• Macro flash with annular xenon lamp or several lamps surrounding the lens mount . Does not give shadows when shooting.

In the overwhelming majority, as well as in some lenses, there is a so-called “macro mode” in compact digital cameras, which allows photographing small objects. However, optical distortion may not be corrected, the lens in this mode allows you to focus on the object from a very close distance (on the order of several centimeters).

In the designation of most models of macro lenses the “macro” or “micro” mark is added, and the specification gives scaling values.

Since 1984, at the Lytkarinsky Optical Glass Plant (LZOS), virtually the only Soviet macro-lens with multi-layer coating “ MS Wave-9 ” 2.8 / 50 with a minimum focusing distance of 0.24 m was manufactured. The lens is pre-set aperture , mount - M42 × thread 1 , working length 45.5 mm.

In the 1930s, a macro lens for the FED-19 distance measuring cameras was produced at the Kharkov factory FED (mount - thread M39 × 1 / 28.8 ), in the crust. time is of collection interest.

Examples of lenses often used by photographers: ^[1]

• Jupiter-12 (2.8 / 35)
• Industar-61 L / W (2.8 / 53)
• Jupiter 11 (4/135)
• Jupiter-9 (2/85)
• Helios-44-2 (2/58)
• Jupiter-3 (1.5 / 50)
• Industar-50U (3.5 / 50) (lens for photo enlargers )
• Industar-69 (2.8 / 28) (lens for semi-format cameras Chaika-2 Chaika-3 and Chaika-2M )
• "ОКС2-15-1" (2,8 / 15) in the case "Industar-50U"
• Industar-50-2 (3.5 / 50)
• LOMO 8 ^× microscopic in the case “Industar-50-2”

• The “ Yolochka ” is a reproduction half-format camera , the lens is designed to focus only from 10 to 40 cm.

• Journal " Soviet Photo " № 4, 1985, pp. 42-45. A. Trachun What are macro lenses? Overview of the macro wave "MS Wave-9" 2.8 / 50.

• Kostya Kakusha. Macro (rus.) (05/17/2010). The appeal date is April 9, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
• Dmitry Katkov. 15 useful tips for macro photography of nature, or what a novice “macrouser” needs to know (Rus.) . Photography (2004). The appeal date is April 9, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
• "MS Wave-9" Macro
• FED macro lens (“FED-19”) 3.5 / 50