Buckwheat

	Buckwheat
	; Buckwheat sowing, Karlsruhe
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryotes
Kingdom:	Plants
Kingdom :	Green plants
Department:	Flowering
Grade:	Dicotyledonous
Order :	Caryophyllanae Takht. , 1967
Order:	Cloves
Family:	Buckwheat
Subfamily :	Buckwheat
Tribe :	Fagopyreae Yonek. , 2006
Gender:	Buckwheat
International scientific name
	Fagopyrum Mill. (1754), nom. cons.
Synonyms
	Harpagocarpus hutch . & Dandy; Helxine L.; Parapteropyrum AJLi; Phegopyrum Peterm.; Pteroxygonum dammer & diels;
Type view
	Fagopyrum esculentum Moench ; [ syn. Polygonum fagopyrum L. basionym ]

Buckwheat ( Latin Fagopýrum ) is a genus of herbaceous plants of the Buckwheat family ( Polygonaceae ), in which it forms the monotypic tribe Fagopyreae .

Perhaps buckwheat was domesticated in southwestern China, and then spread to the north and adapted to the arid environment, becoming a pan-Eurasian culture about 3 thousand years ago ^[3] ^[4] .

Botanical Description

Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ). Botanical illustration from A. Muscle 's book Atlas des plantes de France , 1891

Annual or perennial herbaceous plants, 10-80 (100) cm tall. The stems are bare, erect, branched, evenly leafy. The leaves are alternate, arrow-triangular or arrow-ovate, 2.5-9 cm long, the tip is elongated.

The flowers are bisexual, dimorphic, heterostyle . The perianth is five-parted, yellowish-green, white or light pink, 1.3-4 mm long. Stamens 8, pestle with 3 columns, stigmas capitate, ovary trihedral. Fruits - trihedral, dull nuts , 4.5-6.5 mm long.

Distribution

The natural distribution area is moderately warm and subtropical regions of East and Southeast Asia ^[5] .

Economic Significance and Application

In practical terms, the most important plant of the genus is buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ), a valuable cereal crop ^[6] .

Taxonomy

The genus Buckwheat includes 26 species ^[7] :

Fagopyrum acutatum ( Lehm. ) Mansf. ex K. Hammer
Fagopyrum callianthum Ohnishi
Fagopyrum capillatum ohnishi
Fagopyrum caudatum ( Sam. ) AJLi
Fagopyrum crispatifolium JLLiu
Fagopyrum densivillosum JLLiu
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench typus ^[2] - Sowing buckwheat , or Edible buckwheat , or Common buckwheat
Fagopyrum gilesii ( Hemsl. ) Hedberg
Fagopyrum giraldii ( Dammer & Diels ) Haraldson

Pteroxygonum giraldii Dammer & Diels ] ^[8]

Fagopyrum gracilipedoides Ohsako & Ohnishi
Fagopyrum gracilipes ( Hemsl. ) Dammer
Fagopyrum homotropicum Ohnishi
Fagopyrum jinshaense Ohsako & Ohnishi
Fagopyrum kashmirianum Munshi
Fagopyrum × kuntzei Beck
Fagopyrum leptopodum ( Diels ) Hedberg
Fagopyrum lineare ( Sam. ) Haraldson
Fagopyrum macrocarpum Ohsako & Ohnishi
Fagopyrum megacarpum H.Hara
Fagopyrum pleioramosum Ohnishi
Fagopyrum pugense T.Yu
Fagopyrum rubrifolium Ohsako & Ohnishi
Fagopyrum statice ( H.Lév. ) Gross
Fagopyrum tataricum ( L. ) Gaertn. - Buckwheat Tatar
Fagopyrum urophyllum ( Bureau & Franch. ) Gross
Fagopyrum zuogongense QFChen

Notes

↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
↑ ¹ ² Information about the genus Fagopyrum (English) in the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) .
↑ Pollen dispersal in traditional processing of buckwheat , December 13, 2018
↑ Yang Liu et al, Pollen dispersal in traditional processing of buckwheat and its application in agricultural archaeology, Science China Earth Sciences (2018).
↑ Tsvelev, 1996 , p. 135-136.
↑ Pokhlebkin William - The hard fate of Russian buckwheat.
↑ List of species of the buckwheat genus on The Plant List website
↑ https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pteroxygonum_giraldii

Literature

Buckwheat // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Lozina-Lozinskaya A. S. Rod 395. Buckwheat - Fagopyrum Gaertn. // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / chap. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1936. - T. 5 / ed. volumes V. L. Komarov. - S. 702-704. - 762, XXVI p. - 5175 copies.
Tsvelev N. N. Rod Buckwheat - Fagopyrum Mill. // Flora of Eastern Europe / Ed. ed. and ed. volumes N. N. Tsvelev . - SPb. : Peace and Family 95, 1996. - T. IX. - S. 135-136. - 456 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-90016-28-X.
V.A. Fedotov . Buckwheat in Russia / V. A. Fedotov, P. T. Korolkov, S. V. Kadyrov; Voronezh state. agrarian un-t them. K. D. Glinka . - Voronezh: Origins, 2009 .-- 316 p. - ISBN 978-5-88242-693-3 .

Links

Fagopyrum : Tropicos taxon information.
Buckwheat : information on a taxon in the Plantarium project (a identifier of plants and an illustrated atlas of species). (Retrieved April 9, 2013)

[1] For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .

[ING-2] ¹ ² Information about the genus Fagopyrum (English) in the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) .

[3] Pollen dispersal in traditional processing of buckwheat , December 13, 2018

[4] Yang Liu et al, Pollen dispersal in traditional processing of buckwheat and its application in agricultural archaeology, Science China Earth Sciences (2018).

[_acc2fe5e59143f9d-5] Tsvelev, 1996 , p. 135-136.

[6] Pokhlebkin William - The hard fate of Russian buckwheat.

[7] List of species of the buckwheat genus on The Plant List website

[8] ttps://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pteroxygonum_giraldii