Moscow Cathedral (1620)

At the head of the cathedral was Patriarch Filaret, in addition to him, the cathedral was attended by: Metropolitan of Novgorod and Velikiy Lutsk Makarii , Metropolitan of Rostov and Yaroslavl Varlaam , Metropolitan of Sarsky and Podonsky Iona , Archbishop of Vologda and Veliky Perm Perm, Archbishop of Suzdal and Taruspenskopenspenskopisensky Arsenal of Parsenopisen Siberian and Tobolsk Cyprian , bishop of Kolomna and Kashira Raphael .

Patriarch Filaret received a report from two Moscow priests that Metropolitan Jonah didn’t order them to baptize the Orthodox Christians “Poles” (Polish Catholics) Ian Slobodsky and Matthew Sventitsky, and anointing the world, allowed them to Eucharistic communion. At that, a reference was made to Jonah. , to the ancient practice of Questioning Kirik to Niphon. The patriarch summoned the metropolitan to explain and reproached him that Jonah was innovating not to cross the Latins. The patriarch raised the question at the consecrated council on October 16 ( 26 ), 1620 . Patriarch Filaret delivered an indictment on him, arguing that heretical baptism is not a baptism. Patriarch Filaret cited examples: the eruption from the patriarchate of patriarch Ignatius for not baptizing the Catholic Marina Mnishek , but accepting her through anointing, Patriarch Yermogen , who demanded the baptism of prince Vladislav . At that time, by order of Hermogenes, Filaret studied the rules of the Orthodox Church and became convinced that all heretics did not have holy baptism. Metropolitan Jonah pointed to rule 95 ^[1] of the Council of Troll , and Patriarch Filaret referred to rule 46 of the holy apostles ^[2] .

The Council, considering Catholicism, determined that Latino ferns (Catholics) borrowed misconceptions from a variety of heretics, and ruled: "Latino ferns are the most corrupt and most fierce of all heretics."

Concerning the baptism of all other heretics (non-Orthodox), the council was as categorical in opinion as it was regarding the baptism of Catholics: “May all people of the whole Russian land be led away, as all heretics of various heretical faiths shall not have the right of Holy baptism with the hedgehog and the Holy Spirit, and for the sake of all heretical faiths of various who come to Orthodoxy, the Christian law is appropriate to be baptized with holy baptism "," from the Roman faith, and from everyone from various heretical faiths who come to our Orthodox Christian faith, the Greek law but committed baptize. Sooner heretical baptism, be baptized, but more desecration. "

Metropolitan Jonah repented at the Cathedral on December 4 (14) , was forgiven and continued his ministry.

Another issue at the council was the question of the reception of “Belarusians”, those who came to the Moscow state from Lithuania. The Council determined by decree that those baptized by non-Orthodox priests should be completely baptized, those who were baptized in three dives and anointed by the world from an Orthodox priest should be considered Eucharistic and considered Orthodox, those who were baptized by dousing and anointed by the world from an Orthodox priest should be baptized into three dives, and do not anoint the world. ^[3]
. The decree on the "Belarusians" was signed on December 16 ( 26 ), 1620 . The decisions of the cathedral were printed several times in the Big Consumer : in 1623, 1624, 1625, 1633, 1636, 1642, 1647, 1651. ^[four]

After the cathedral, the Chin of Baptism in the Ministers was corrected. If in many handwritten Servants and Trebniks until the 17th century, the babies were baptized with the baptismal spirit: “As soon as the baby is baptized, he’s planting that share in the baptismal water, the water exists, and the verse. Holding the warm water with his left hand, gum, pours it on his head, for the hedgehog the baby is weak and obsessed with flooding ” ^{[5] [6]} and in the Service Rooms of 1602, 1616, published in Moscow, baptismal baptism was allowed only for sick children:“ Was it sick (infant baptized), it’s like being in a font of warm water, and will immerse it in water along the top and pour water on it from the font to the head with the gum hand three times, the verb is Baptized ... ” ^{[7] [8]} , then after the cathedral in all the Ministers it was commanded everyone to baptize only in three dives, and the phrases written above were removed.

“Belarusians” coming from Lithuania, who were baptized by pouring, were baptized again, already by immersion. In 1623-24, only a few dozen “Belarusians” were adopted. Among them were Orthodox abbots, hieromonks and monks. Reception baptism was not recognized upon admission - everyone was baptized, and then, if necessary, re-ordained. In 1630, the Uniate Archbishop Athenogen Kryzhanovsky was baptized. In the beginning, he had a purely Orthodox ordination until the Archimandrite dignity inclusive. He was tempted only at the archbishopric rank of Uniate. In Moscow, after re-crossing, he was reassigned and even awarded the place of Kelar of the Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery, but it soon turned out that his past was dirty and he was handed over to the civilian judiciary. ^[9]

The decision of the Moscow Cathedral in 1620 on the reception of Catholic heretics through baptism was replaced by official reception through anointing with the decision of the Great Moscow Cathedral , which referred to the decision of the Greek Council of Constantinople in 1484 . Explaining the reason why Catholic heretics are not baptized, the Great Moscow Cathedral cited Timofey’s answer from Kormcha’s book : “Question. Why do we not baptize heretics who appeal to the catholic church? Answer. As it were, the heavens man soon promised from the heresy of baptism, ashamed, both of us, and laying on his hands the presbytery and prayer, the message comes and the Holy Spirit, as the acts of the saints the apostle testify. "

The Old Believers , who did not recognize the Big Moscow Cathedral, because of the anathemas that he imposed on the old rites, adhere to the decrees of the Moscow Cathedral in 1620, for this reason they baptize all heretics. The New Believers, baptized by dousing, the Old Believers priests baptize by immersion at the time of transition to the Old Believers, referring to the decision of the cathedral in 1620, but they accept without baptism, through anointing , New Believers, baptized in three dives.

• CATALOG 1621 ABOUT THE BAPTISM OF LATIN
• Big Consumer Chapter 70. Cathedral Code of His Holiness Kirill Filaret, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia and those who are with him, which comes from baptism of heresies
• Kartashev A.V. Essays on the history of the Russian Church. Volume 2 Church malice of the day under patr. Filarete