Social sphere of the Moscow region

The building of the music school in Korolyov

The education system of the Moscow Region for 2012 includes more than 4 thousand institutions, of which 1.8 thousand are pre-school education institutions ^[1] . The number of pre-school institutions has fallen dramatically compared to 1990, when there were 2.9 thousand, although the region still holds the second place after Moscow in this indicator ^[2] ; the queue for kindergartens in the Moscow region remains one of the largest in Russia ^[3] . The network of secondary educational institutions of the Moscow Region covers 1520 schools and boarding schools, in which more than 650 thousand students and pupils study ^[4] . Most of the educational institutions of the region are computerized, in 2010 there were 12.6 students per one personal computer, and 100% of schools had Internet access (in 2005 - 50%) ^[1] .

Also in the suburbs there are large higher educational institutions, including the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Moscow State Regional University , Academy of Social Management , Russian International Academy of Tourism , Moscow State University of Culture and Arts . Branches of Moscow universities also operate in the region — the widest network of branches is the Russian State Humanitarian University (12 branches in various cities of the region) and Moscow State University of Instrument Engineering and Computer Science (7 branches) ^[5] . In total, over 350 higher education institutions operate in the Moscow region ^[5] . In addition to higher education institutions, in 2010 in the Moscow Region there were 94 educational institutions of primary vocational education and 113 educational institutions of secondary vocational education ^[6] .

The most important problems of the education system of the Moscow Region are low wage growth rates, staff imbalance (the number of personnel who do not carry out the educational process exceeds the number of teachers), the problem of the general availability of preschool education ^[1] .

In the Moscow region in 2010, there were 464 state and municipal healthcare institutions (including 2 research institutes, 190 hospitals, 138 outpatient clinics). To provide inpatient care 50.5 thousand beds were deployed. In the 2000s, the modernization of the healthcare system was carried out, as a result of which the number of hospital facilities was reduced from 244 to 190 units, mainly by combining low-power hospitals and reorganizing district hospitals into medical outpatient clinics ^[7] . As a result, in the number of hospital beds per 10 thousand people (75.2 in 2010), the Moscow Region is one of the lowest places in Russia (80s) ^[8] . At the same time, in terms of the number of doctors (25.5 thousand in 2010), the region ranks third in the Russian Federation after Moscow and St. Petersburg ^[9] .

Among the main health problems of the Moscow region is a high (higher than the average Russian) indicator of total mortality and mortality from leading causes (the latter in the Moscow region include: circulatory diseases - 60.2% of all deaths; neoplasms - 25.1 cases per 10 thousand people in 2009; injuries and poisoning - 15.4 cases; diseases of the digestive system - 7.5 cases; respiratory diseases - 4.8 cases) ^[7] . From year to year, a high level of the general morbidity of the population of the Moscow Region remains (according to data for 2009 - 1241.1 cases per 1,000 population). In the structure of the general morbidity of the population of the region, respiratory diseases are leading (in 2009 - 389.7 per thousand of the population), followed by diseases of the circulatory system, eye diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, trauma and poisoning ^[7] .

Social support of the population is one of the largest budget expenditures in the region (in 2010 - 25.6 million rubles); the level of social support for citizens depends on the amount of income they receive ^[1] . More than 2.3 million people receive social support measures at the expense of the regional budget annually; from the budget are paid mainly for housing and utilities and travel in public transport. In the period from 2006 to 2010, more than 1.3 million children and adolescents rested in children's health facilities ^[1] . In the region there is a multidisciplinary network of state institutions for social services (in 2010 - 214 institutions); the provision of population with social services institutions is 14 places per 10,000 people. One of the most significant recent trends in the field of social services is the provision of paid services by social service institutions (in 2005-2010 the volume of such services was increased 5 times) ^[1] .

There are 6.7 thousand sports and fitness facilities in the region (2011), of which 129 are stadiums, 44 are sports centers and 196 are swimming pools; The main part of sports facilities is made up of sports halls and various flat structures, and many sports facilities belong to educational institutions. There are also sports educational institutions in the region; In 2010, there were 222 sports schools ^[1] . Regional competitions are held regularly among children and adolescents, winter and summer sports and athletics festivals, physical culture festivals ^[1] .

Football clubs of the region regularly play in the Russian championship in the first division (like Khimki club, currently playing in the first division, and Podolsky “Vityaz” , former club of the first division in 2008-2009) ^[10] . The largest stadium in the region is Khimki Arena (seats 18 thousand spectators) ^[11] . Two hockey clubs in the Moscow region - Atlant (Mytishchi) and Vityaz (Chekhov) perform in the KHL ^[12] . Basketball club Khimki has repeatedly become the silver medalist of the Russian Championship ^[13] . From year to year, the Odintsovo Iskra volleyball club , a multiple winner of the Russian championships, takes part in the volleyball super league ^[14] .

The Moscow region has significant potential for the development of tourism and recreation. The main type of tourism in the Moscow region is cultural and educational ^[15] . Tourists are attracted by the ancient cities of the Moscow region. This, in particular, Kolomna with a stone Kremlin of the XIV century, numbering more than four hundred monuments of history and culture; Sergiev Posad - one of the main centers of Russian Orthodoxy with the Trinity-Sergius Lavra , the architectural complex of which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List ; Serpukhov with numerous churches of the XVI-XVIII centuries and a large historical and art museum ; Founded in the 12th century, Dmitrov , many streets of which retained the appearance characteristic of the 19th century; Zvenigorod with a large architectural ensemble of the Savvino-Storozhevsky monastery . There are over seventy museums in the Moscow Region, and large museums-estates Arkhangelskoye and Abramtsevo attract numerous tourists. Excursions are organized to large operating scientific institutions (such as, for example, the Mission Control Center and RSC Energia , the cosmonaut training center named after Yu. A. Gagarin ). Business, pilgrimage, sports tourism, and active leisure activities are also developing in the region ^[15] . Water tourism is well developed; rafting along the Klyazma , Dubna , Istra , Protva , and Nara rivers is popular among water-tourists. ^[16] A significant part of the region’s tourist resource is art crafts, among which Gzhel porcelain , Pavlovsky posad shawls, Zhostovo metal painting , Fedoskino lacquer miniature and Sergiev posad toy are widely known ^[15] . One of the largest projects in the field of tourism is the construction of the landscape park “Russia in Miniature” in the Domodedovo district ^[17] .

The resort and recreation complex of the Moscow region includes over 1000 recreation facilities (sanatoriums, rest houses, boarding houses, children's recreation camps, etc.) ^[18] ; An important role in recreation is played by numerous horticultural associations ^[19] . The main part of recreation complexes is located in the north and west of the Moscow region; in particular, there are many of them in Istra , Ruza , Naro-Fominsk , Volokolamsk districts ^[16] . A number of holiday homes operate in the area of ​​Zvenigorod, which became one of the most popular recreation places near Moscow back in the 19th century ^[16] (the very first resort was founded in 1803 near Serpukhov, in Raysemyonovsky , with local sources of mineral water ^[20] ). Old cottage villages of the Moscow Region are widely known - the village of writers in Peredelkino , the government in Barvikha , the cottages of scientists and artists on Nikolina Gora ^{[16] [21]} . In the vicinity of Yakhroma, on the slopes of the Klinsko-Dmitrov Ridge, ski resorts operate ( Volen , Yakhroma , Sorochany ). In the Moscow region there are a number of sports and entertainment parks ( Drakino in Serpukhov district, Ognikovo in Istra and others). Since the 2000s, the construction of such modern holiday complexes as suburban hotels specializing in SPA services and country hotels began ^[22] . One of the key problems of the recreational complex of the region is the severe deterioration of recreational facilities, in particular, their infrastructure and number of rooms. Many objects since the 1990s are in an abandoned state and need reconstruction ^[22] .

In 2011, in the Moscow region there were 1.4 thousand religious organizations ^[1] . Since the majority of believers in the region are Orthodox , the majority of religious organizations (76.7% in 2011) are the parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church ^[1] . Formally, the Moscow region belongs to the Moscow diocese , but in fact there is a separate Moscow regional diocese with its diocesan bishop , governing bodies and administrative-territorial divisions ^[23] . In 2012, over 1.1 thousand Orthodox churches and 24 diocesan monasteries were operating in the Moscow Region ^[24] . Sergiev Posad with the Trinity-Sergius Lavra is one of the main centers of Russian Orthodoxy ^[15] . In addition to the laurels, the large religious and cultural centers are also the Pokrovsky female Khotkov , the New Jerusalem and Joseph-Volotsky monasteries ^[16] . The Theological Academy operates in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra , the Theological Seminary in Kolomna ^[23] . In addition, there are many Sunday schools (in 2010, 622 adults and 467 children) ^[25] , in the summer, Orthodox camps are organized for children; With the support of the Moscow diocese, various cultural events are regularly held ^[25] .

In the Moscow region there are many religious organizations of other faiths: 16% are Protestant religious organizations, significantly less Muslim (1.9%); organizations of other faiths make up 5.4% of the religious organizations of the region ^[1] . The historical district of Guslitsa in the east of the Moscow Region is one of the distribution centers of the Moscow-Third Rome of the Old Believers ^[26] .

The number of crimes recorded per 100,000 people (1616 in 2010) is close to the average Russian level (1839 crimes according to 2010 data ^[27] . The crime rates in the region are shown in the table below ^[27] .

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of crimes related to drug trafficking and illegal labor migration ^{[28] [29] [30]}

On the territory of the Moscow Region, the Federal Penitentiary Service has ^[31] 10 pre-trial detention facilities and 6 different colonies. In addition, the Federal Penitentiary Service includes a special purpose department - Fakel (based in Moscow in the Kapotnya region), an interregional training center in the village of Fryazevo in the Noginsky district , 66 criminal-executive inspections (UII). In terms of the number of UII, the Moscow Region ranks second in the Russian Federation ^[32] .

In total, there are 1,500 cemeteries in the Moscow Region, of which 90% (1,350) are rural, city cemeteries are slightly over 100. Since January 1, 2006, all cemeteries are owned by municipalities of the Moscow Region ^[33] .

• Makhrova A.G., Nefedova T.G. , Treyvish A.I. Moscow Region today and tomorrow. Trends and prospects of spatial development. - M .: New Chronograph, 2008 .-- 344 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-94881-054-6 .