Speckled Lamb [2] [3] , or Spotted Lamb [3] [4] [5] ( lat. Lamium maculatum ) is a perennial herbaceous plant, a species of the genus Lamium ( Lamium ) of the Lamiaceae family, or Labiatae . A distinctive feature of the plant is a spotted pattern on the lower lip of the corolla.
| Speckled lamb | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Lamium speckled, general view of a flowering plant. Akureyri Botanical Garden , Iceland | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lamium maculatum ( L. ) L. (1763) Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 809 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Lamium album var. maculatum L. basionym and others ( see below ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Good honey plant [3] . Cultivated as a decorative garden plant, many varieties are bred [4] . In some regions, a plant is considered a weed [4] .
Content
- 1 Distribution
- 2 Biological Description
- 3 Chemical composition
- 4 Use
- 4.1 Use in medicine
- 4.2 gardening
- 5 Synonymy
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
- 8 References
Distribution
The plant is widespread in Europe , as well as in the Mediterranean , in Asia Minor , Iran . As an alien plant, it is found in North America [2] . It grows in bushes, in forests, along ravines [3] .
Biological Description
Perennial herb up to 70 cm high [3] . They can be either upright or sprawling low-growing plants [4] .
The stems are tetrahedral, more or less pubescent [2] . The leaves are opposite, ovate, often with bright spots from above [3] , fine-toothed [4] .
The flowers are sessile, collected in 6-10 pieces of false whorls in the axils of the upper leaves (leaf-like bracts). Perianth double . Calyx - bell-shaped, with five awl-shaped pointed teeth. The corolla is from 20 to 30 mm long [2] , pink (it can be of various shades, from pale pink and even almost white to pinkish-purple [2] [4] ), there is a spotted pattern on the lower lip [3] . The corolla tube is bent out of the calyx, bent suddenly at the pharynx , inside there is a transverse hairy ring [2] . The upper lip has the shape of a vault [3] [2] and hangs over the bottom like a helmet [4] . Only the middle lobe is well developed in the lower lip, the other two are small teeth on the sides of the middle lobe [3] [2] . Stamens and a column of pestle extend beyond the corolla tube. Four stamens, all of them fertile; have different lengths (front longer) [2] . Flowering time is from May to October [3] .
The fruit is coenobium : a fractional fruit consisting of four nut-shaped parts (erems). Erems are brown ovoid-trihedral, truncated at the apex. Fruits ripen at different times, beginning in June [3] .
The number of chromosomes : 2n = 18 [2] .
Chemical Composition
Chlorogenic acid , a biologically active substance from the group of aromatic organic acids with choleretic properties, was found in the plant’s flowers [5] .
The following substances were found in the aerial part of the plant: proline betaine , trans- 4-hydroxyproline betaine, pipeecolinic betaine, trans- 4-hydroxypipecolic acid betaine [6] .
Usage
Medical Use
In medieval medicine of Armenia, the plant was used as a detoxification agent [6] .
Gardening Use
Young leaves are edible, they are used for making soups [3] .
Cultivated as a decorative garden plant, many varieties are bred. More often low-growing compact varieties with a height of not more than 15 cm are grown [4] .
Some famous varieties:
- 'Beacons' Silver' - with silver leaves and pink flowers;
- 'Pink Pewter' - with silver-green leaves with dark green edges and purple flowers;
- `Roseum` - with a silver stripe on the leaves and pinkish-lilac flowers;
- 'White Nancy' - with silver-green leaves and light stems [4] .
- Agricultural technology
Like other types of cassava, this species is quite cold-resistant and grows well on any soil. Reproduction - by seed or division in early spring. During cultivation, it should be borne in mind that the plant requires a lot of space, because it grows rapidly [4] .
Zones of frost resistance - from 4 to 10 [4] .
Synonymy
The following names are included in the synonymy of the species [7] :
- Lamium affine guss. & Ten.
- Lamium album var. maculatum L. basionym
- Lamium cardiaca Cogn.
- Lamium columnae Ten.
- Lamium cupreum schott
- Lamium cupreum subsp. dilatatum ( Schur ) Nyman
- Lamium dilatatum schur
- Lamium elegantissimum Schur , nom. illeg.
- Lamium foliosum crantz
- Lamium grandiflorum Willd. ex benth. , nom. inval.
- Lamium grenieri mutel
- Lamium gundelsheimeri K.Koch
- Lamium hirsutum Lam.
- Lamium laevigatum L.
- Lamium laevigatum auct.
- Lamium maculatum var. bourgaei Briq.
- Lamium maculatum var. cupreum ( Schott ) Briq.
- Lamium maculatum var. grenieri ( mutel ) nyman
- Lamium maculatum var. hirsutum ( Lam. ) Nyman
- Lamium maculatum var. kansuense CY Wu & SJ Hsuan
- Lamium maculatum var. laevigatum ( L. ) Nyman
- Lamium maculatum var. nemorale rchb.
- Lamium maculatum var. niveum ( Schrad. ) Nyman
- Lamium maculatum var. rubrum ( Benth. ) Briq.
- Lamium maculatum var. rugosum ( Sol. ) Briq.
- Lamium maculatum subsp. strictopurpureum APKhokhr.
- Lamium maculatum var. villosifolium rrmill
- Lamium melissifolium Mill.
- Lamium mutabile Dumort.
- Lamium niveum Schrad.
- Lamium pallidiflorum beck
- Lamium rubrum Jenk.
- Lamium rugosum Sol.
- Lamium stoloniferum Lapeyr.
- Lamium tillii Ten.
- Lamium truncatum boiss.
- Lamium villosifolium ( RRMill ) APKhokhr.
- Lamium vulgatum var. rubrum benth.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gladkova, 1978 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Novikov, 2008 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Botany, 2006 .
- ↑ 1 2 Golovkin et al., 2001 .
- ↑ 1 2 Bobyleva et al., 1996 .
- ↑ Lamium maculatum (L.) L .: information in The Plant List (2010, Version 1). (English) (Retrieved April 5, 2013)
Literature
- Bobyleva N. S. et al. Genus Lamium L. - Lamium // Plant resources of Russia and neighboring states / Otv. ed. A. L. Budantsev. - SPb. : Peace and Family - 95, 1996. - T. Additions to the 1st to 7th volumes, part II. - S. 298. - 571 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-90016-25-5. - UDC 581.6: 582.5: 581.19 (47 + 57)
- Lamium // Botany. Encyclopedia "All plants of the world": Per. from English = Botanica / ed. D. Grigoriev et al. - M .: Könemann, 2006 .-- S. 508. - 1020 p. - ISBN 3-8331-1621-8 .
- Gladkova V.N. Yasnotka - Lamium L // Flora of the European part of the USSR / Ed. ed. An. A. Fedorov . - L .: Science , 1978.- T. III. Ed. volumes Yu. L. Menitsky . - S. 160-163. - 259 p. - 4350 copies.
- Golovkin B.N. et al. Chlorogenic acid (chlorogenic acid) // Biologically active substances of plant origin / Otv. ed. V.F. Semikhov. - M .: Nauka, 2001 .-- T. II. - S. 559-666. - 764 s. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-02-013184-9 . - UDC 58
- Gubanov I.A. et al. 1094. Lamium maculatum (L.) L. - Lamium speckled or spotted // Illustrated identifier of plants in Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. ISS., 2004. - T. 3. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - S. 127. - ISBN 5-87317-163-7 .
- Novikov V.S. Rod Rod Lamium ( Lamium ) // Popular atlas-determinant. Wild plants / V. S. Novikov, I. A. Gubanov. - 5th ed., Stereotype. - M .: Bustard, 2008 .-- S. 330, 341-342. - 415 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-358-05146-1 . - UDC 58 (084.4)