Japanese punctuation

Brackets

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In Japanese writing, more than 14 types of brackets are used; in vertical writing, they always rotate 90 ° clockwise. On lined Genko-yoshi paper, each bracket symbol occupies one cell.

Commas

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Commas in the Japanese text are mainly used to separate parts of a sentence; they also have an amplification function ^[1] , sometimes commas are placed for no reason, for rhythmic division of sentences. In horizontal writing, a comma is placed in the lower right corner of the previous character, in vertical - at the bottom right of the previous character, when using genco-yoshi - in both cases in a separate square. The rules for using commas in Japanese are less stringent than in Russian.

Ellipsis

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The ellipsis in Japanese indicates a pause in speech, an unfinished phrase, an abbreviation; it was introduced into the language under the influence of European languages. Usually represents three points or two groups of three points, although there is a two-point ellipsis. In vertical writing, they are written vertically. Usually located along the bottom of the text or in the center of the cell.

Point

The dot in Japanese writing is a circle. In Unicode, it is called "Ideographic Full Stop." In horizontal writing it is placed in the lower left corner of the square, in vertical - in the upper right. It should be noted that the Chinese dot is always placed in the center of the square.

Unlike the European point, Japanese is often used to separate sentences, and not in every sentence. It is often skipped if the sentence is single, or if the text ends with a quotation mark. There is no space after the period.

There are names and registered trademarks that contain a dot inside: Morning Musume ( Japanese モ ー ニ ン グ 娘。 ) and Ecomoni ( Japanese エ コ モ 二。 ) , Ii Hito manga ( Japanese い い ひ と。 ) , Nobuta drama. O Produce ( Japanese 野 ブ タ。 を プ ロ デ ュ ー ス ) .

Interpoint

• Main article Interpoint
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Interpoint is a small dot for separating words (a space in Japanese is practically not used) with a width of one character. It is also used in cases when it is necessary to separate the abbreviated element - "junior and high school" ( Japanese. ・ 小 ・ 中 学校 sho: tyu: gakko:) ; to separate the words written by cana - a personal computer ( Japanese. パ ー ソ ナ ル ・ コ ン ピ ュ ー タ ー pa: sonaru computer: that :) ; in full names, if it is not clear where the surname ends and the name begins; instead of a ; for the separation of names, titles and positions: assistant to the head of the department of Suzuki ( я 補 佐 ・ 鈴木 butyo: hosa suzuki ) ; as a decimal separator when writing numbers with hieroglyphs : 3.14 ( Japanese 三 ・ 一 四 ) ; instead of colons and dashes in vertical text.

Party Change Sign

• Main article: Yoriten

Yoriten ( 庵 点 点 ) or “song sign” ( 歌 記号 ак utakigo:) is used to indicate the beginning of a song or the beginning of a part. Most often used in batches but also in rang .

Quotes

「」

Single - “hook brackets” ( Japanese 鉤 括弧 Kagikakko ) . Used for direct and indirect speech

『』

Double - “double hook brackets” ( я 重 鉤 括弧 niju: how much ) are used as nested, as well as to denote the names of works of art; in manga sometimes mean heard on the phone.

Space

Spaces in Japanese are used to highlight the beginning of a new paragraph, especially on lined paper " genko-yoshi " (see rules for use in the article) and in children's literature to separate words. After non-Japanese punctuation (exclamation points, question marks), a space is also often placed. He separates the first and last name.

It can also be used instead of a semicolon: , Osaka branch ( Jap. 大 和 銀行 大阪 支店 daiva ginko: o: saka shiten ) .

Wavy line

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Wavy line ( Japanese. 波 ダ ッ シ ュ by us dassu:) 〜 - elongated tilde .

Usage includes:

• indication of the range: (“From 5 to 6 hours” ( Japanese 5 時 〜6 時 ) ; from Koti to Osaka ( Japanese 高 知 〜 大阪 ) ; in this case, the words from ... to ... ( Japanese. . か ら ... ま で ... Kara ... Made ) ;
• to separate the title from the subtitle;
• to indicate a subheading: “summary” ( 〜 概要 〜 gayyo:)
• paired wavy lines are used instead of brackets and slashes: “(answer)” ( Japanese 〜〜 答 え 〜〜 kotae ) ;
• to indicate origin: from France ( Jap. フ ラ ン ス 〜 Furansu Kara ) ;
• to indicate a long or dragging sound: “Isn’t it?” ( Japanese で す よ 〜 〜 desu н ne-e ) , “Ahh” ( Japanese あ 〜〜〜 ) , usually for a comic effect or to enhance the character’s prettiness;

In Japanese, these characters are either full or half width, and a space is usually given after them.

Colon

：

The colon ( コ ロ ン crowns ) is mainly used in scientific works: to indicate the time - “4:05” instead of jap. 4 時 5 分 or jap. 4 分 5 秒 ; and when transferring - Japanese. 日 時: 3 月 3 日 4 時 5 分 "Date / Time: March 3, 4:05).

Exclamation mark

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！

In Japanese, an exclamation mark ( jap. 感嘆 符 cantanfu ) is usually placed at the end of a sentence and means an exclamation. Often marks single exclamations and commands: “Oh!”, “Stop!”

In formal Japanese, an exclamation point is not used, but it is very common in manga and fiction. In traditional Japanese, the functions of the exclamation mark are performed by exclamation particles, such as ( yap. よ ё ) , ( yap. ぞ zo ) , etc.

Question Mark

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？

A question mark ( Japanese 疑問 符 gimonfu ) or Japanese は て な マ ー ク , “hatena ma: ku”, may indicate the questioning nature of the statement. Similar to the exclamation point, the question mark is not used in the formal letter.

• Senko K. Maynard. Linguistic Creativity in Japanese Discourse: Exploring the multiplicity of self, perspective, and voice. - 2007. - (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series). - ISBN 978-9027254023 .

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