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Potassium tetracyanocuprate (I)

Potassium tetracyanocuprate (I) is an anionic complex with a monodentate ligand (CN) - .

Potassium tetracyanocuprate (I)
General
Systematic
name
Potassium tetracyanocuprate (I)
Chem. formulaK 3 [Cu (CN) 4 ]
Physical properties
conditionsolid white matter
Classification
Reg. CAS number
Reg. EINECS number
Security
ToxicityCyanide group

Description

(CN) - - ligand of a strong field. It is associated with a complexing agent by a donor-accentor mechanism . The compound has an average spin, copper is in sp 3 hybridization. The complex is a paramagnet .

Under standard conditions, it is a white solid, has an ionic crystal lattice, and as a result is not volatile, has a high hardness , must have a high melting point, but decomposes at lower temperatures. Has a tetrahedral ligand field.

Like many cyanide complexes, due to the strong field ligand, the complex is very stable (K y = 10 30 ), like all complexes it is very soluble in water, dissolves, almost completely, on the inner and outer spheres when dissolved:

K3[Cu(CN)four]⟶3K++[Cu(CN)four]3-{\ displaystyle {\ ce {{K3 [Cu (CN) 4]} -> {3K +} + {[Cu (CN) 4] ^ {3} -}}}}  

To a small extent, the complex ion itself also dissociates:

[Cu(CN)four]-⟶Cu++four(CN)-{\ displaystyle {\ ce {{[Cu (CN) 4] ^ {-}} -> {Cu +} + {4 (CN) ^ {-}}}}}  

In a solution, it can exhibit both oxidizing and reducing properties, mainly due to Cu + , +1 - an intermediate, unstable oxidation state.

You can get the complex as follows:

16Kcn+fourCu+2H2O+O2⟶fourK3[Cu(CN)four]+fourKoh{\ displaystyle {\ ce {{16KCN} + {4Cu} + {2H2O} + {O2} -> {4K3 [Cu (CN) 4]} + {4KOH}}}}  

The complex is not destroyed by interacting with alkali, since according to the reaction equation

K3[Cu(CN)four]+Koh⟶Kcn+Cuoh{\ displaystyle {\ ce {{K3 [Cu (CN) 4]} + {KOH} -> {KCN} + {CuOH}}}}   , K p = 10 −16 <1

Similarly interacts with acids:

K3[Cu(CN)four]+Hcl⟶HCN+CuCl+Kcl{\ displaystyle {\ ce {{K3 [Cu (CN) 4]} + {HCl} -> {HCN} + {CuCl} + {KCl}}}}   , K p = 10 −24 <1

Toxicity

Due to the presence of the cyanide group is toxic. Toxic properties are manifested by ingestion, skin contact, inhalation of dust.

Literature

  • Chugaev L. A. "Chemistry of complex compounds"
  • Umland F. Jansen A. Tirig D. “Complex compounds in analytical chemistry”
  • Kharitonov Yu. A. "Complex compounds"
  • Ugai Ya. A. "General and inorganic chemistry"


Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Tetracyanokuprat (I) _kali&oldid = 100391009


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Clever Geek | 2019