Julius Ivanovich von Kanitz (1730s - 1781) - commander (director) of Kazan gymnasiums in 1764-1781. Writer.
| Julius Ivanovich von Kanitz | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | historian |
| Place of work | director of Kazan gymnasiums |
| Alma mater | Noble Cadet Corps |
| Known as | author of the reconstruction of the capture of Kazan |
Content
Biography
Came from the nobles. Born in the 1730s.
In 1744-1751 he studied at the Shlyakheti cadet corps . After two years of military service, he was secretary of the Justits College of Estland and Livonia affairs .
In December 1764 he was appointed "commander of the Kazan gymnasiums" (formally, the Kazan gymnasium at that time was divided into two: for noble children and children of people of different ranks and chief officers), whom he controlled until his death in 1781. In this position, Yu. I. von Kanitz gained a reputation as a good teacher and administrator.
When managing an educational institution, he had to deal with many unfavorable conditions: lack of funds and lack of well-trained teachers. Through the efforts of Yu. I. von Kanitsa, the recently founded Kazan gymnasium was put in a “decent position”: it attracted teachers from among Moscow students, improved language teaching, introduced the study of the Tatar language (taught by Sagit Khalfin ), took care of theatrical performances in the gymnasium, arranged literary readings [1] .
During the stay of Catherine II in Kazan in 1767, he received the inspection of the director of the Academy of Sciences, Count V. G. Orlov [2] . By the arrival of the empress, under his leadership, a triumphal gate with the image of the state coat of arms was built in front of the gymnasium [3] .
He also took an active part in the defense of Kazan along with his “gymnasium corps”, including 74 people from teachers, students, employees of the gymnasium and other persons during the siege of the city by E. I. Pugachev in 1774. During the fighting, he was hit by an arrow ( A. S. Pushkin in the “ History of Pugachev ” mistakenly wrote that he was killed [4] ). For the “selfless exploits” shown by the corps, according to the presented report of Prince P. S. Meshchersky , Catherine II ordered a semi-annual salary to be given to the headmaster of the gymnasium, von Kanitsa [1] . However, he was completely ruined, since in a fire arranged by the Pugachevites his house with a large library was destroyed [5] . Since the gymnasium buildings also burned down, after the Pugachevites plundered the city, the director of the gymnasium had to restore the educational institution.
Works
Works by Yu. I. von Kanitsa survived to our time: “Description of paintings on the triumphal gates built for the arrival of Catherine II” (1767), “A word in a public meeting at the Kazan gymnasium” (1775), and “Composition on the natural found in the Kazan province” rarities ”(1777). His letters about the state of the gymnasium to the director and trustee of Moscow University, I. I. Melissino , which were published in Bibliographic Notes (1858) and in the works of A. I. Artemyev on Kazan gymnasiums of the 18th century, were also preserved.
He is also one of the first historians of Kazan. It is known that he began work on writing work on the history of Kazan, but did not have time to finish it.
Assure Mr. Kheraskov that I decided with God's help to begin the Kazan History, and to whom could I devote it, if not to him, the culprit of this work?
- From a letter to Yu. I. von Kanitz to G. R. Derzhavin of December 4, 1778 [6] .
Yu. I. von Kanits is the author of the work “Location of the ancient city of Kazan in 1552, with an explanation of the plan of Kazan and a description of the siege and its capture” [7] , written, it is believed, by 1778 at the request of M. M. Kheraskov for his " Rossiada ". His plan and description of the capture of Kazan was the first reconstruction of the capture of Kazan by John IV in 1552. They became an important work for their time, which was repeatedly used by later historians [8] .
He is considered the author or organizer of a series of photographs of Kazan taken in 1779 using a pinhole camera [5] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Pinegin M.N. Kazan in its past and present. - Kazan, 1890. - 604 p.
- ↑ See, for example: Leonid of the Ninth. How high-school students were raised their salaries // Kazan Gazette. - 2005. - No. 25. - February 8.
- ↑ Natalia Bolotina. “The Kazan province is divided into six provinces ...” (On the history of Catherine II’s visit to Kazan) // Scientific and documentary journal “Gasyrlar Avazy - Echo of Centuries”. - 2005. - No. 2.
- ↑ Pushkin A.S. History of Pugachev // Pushkin A.S. Complete Works: In 10 vols .-- L .: Science. Leningra. Department, 1977-1979. - T. 8. Autobiographical and historical prose. History of Pugachev. Notes by Moro de Braz. - 1978. - S. 176.
- ↑ 1 2 See: Timur Latypov. We have not seen such a Kazan: 230 years later! (Interview with S.P. Sanachin) // Business newspaper "BUSINESS Online". - 2010. - October 29.
- ↑ Works of Derzhavin with explanatory notes by J. Grot. - T. V. - St. Petersburg. , 1876 .-- S. 300.
- ↑ Kanits, Yu.F. Krast, a clear explanation of the plan of the ancient city of Kazan and a description of the siege and capture of the onago in 1552 // Antiquities Collection of the Kazan Diocese of Plato of Lubarsky. - Kazan, 1868 .-- S. 117, 127-128.
- ↑ Fayaz Khuzin . Ancient Kazan in documents and materials // Scientific-documentary journal “Gasyrlar Avazy - Echo of Centuries”. - 1995. - May.
Literature
- Kanitsa reports on the situation of the gymnasium in the 1858 Bibliographic Notes.
- Vladimirov V.V. Historical note on the 1st Kazan gymnasium. Part 1. XVIII century. - Kazan: University Printing House, 1867. - 231 p.
- Artemyev A.I. Kazan Gymnasiums in the 18th Century. - SPb. , 1874. [from the Journal of the Ministry of Public Education ]
- Ark L — nko. Kanits Yuliy Ivanovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : 25 t. / Under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov . - M. , 1897. - T. "Ibak - Klyucharyov." - C. 446–447.
- Kanits, Julius Ivanovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.