History of the Novosibirsk Metro

1946-1962 years. First Metro Ideas

1946 The country was built and returned to civilian life after the recently ended war . A team of specialists is charged with developing a master plan for Novosibirsk. This group, led by I. I. Sokolov-Dobrev, includes well-known specialists - architects, economists, engineers. Eight years later, in 1954 , the group developed and proposed three different versions of a city development plan. They differed in that each was focused on its prospective number of the city. So, one of the options was developed for the development of the city with 1.2 million people. But in the constantly developing city the passenger traffic increased all the time and somehow it was necessary to serve it, including taking into account the perspective ^[1] .

In the course of the work, the authors of the master plan found out that the problem could be solved by an off-street mode of transport and decided to reserve urban areas for it. As a result, the metro was present in all three variants developed by a group of designers. According to these options, the subway route had to go from NAPO to them. Chkalov in the city center. Then the subway route would go through the center of the Oktyabrsky district . After that, she had to go to the Sibselmash plant - through the center of the left-bank part of the city. However, none of the three options developed by designers was approved at that time. After that, the subway was forgotten for a while. The only works on the Novosibirsk subway were conducted by students of the Institute of Railway Transport (now SSUPS ). Since the 1950s, teachers of the bridges and tunnels department at the institute began to give design tasks for metro sections ^[1] .

1962-1968 Stating the Question

Again the question of the design of the underground metro was raised in 1962 . Then it was necessary to develop a new development plan for Novosibirsk. And the initiative to build the metro in the city belonged to the chairman of the city ​​executive committee I. P. Sevastyanov and the main architect L. N. Mikhalev, who led the development of the master plan ^[1] . On July 9, 1962, the millionth resident was born in Novosibirsk, and by that time the city itself had become a major center of industry, culture and science. One of his most acute problems was the problem of mass passenger traffic ^[1] .

As the designers found out, with the help of traditional types of urban public transport this problem was not solved - in the existing urban conditions (single-level narrow streets, buildings and dense flows in the center) the efficiency of traditional transport will be 3 times lower than its technical capabilities ( bus - 20 km / h tram and trolley bus - 16 km / h ^[1] ). And a high-speed off-street mode of transport, according to the designers, would greatly help the city in solving problems. In 1963, representatives from the institutes of SibZNIIEP and Novosibproekt went on a long trip to the capital to obtain guidelines for the construction of the metro ^[1] .

The specialists visited Mosproject, the Research Institute for Urban Planning, and a number of other institutions. Having studied a lot of documents, Siberian city planners came to the conclusion that the city is not yet ready for the construction of the metro ^[2] . In 1965, a group of executives of the city officially sent to the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR . Workers tried to achieve the inclusion of the metro in the new General Plan of the city. Representatives of the city attentively listened to and reviewed all the submitted documents in the republican planning department. And they promised to help and support in every way. However, it did not come to a decision ^[2] . In 1968, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the master plan of the city. It did not contain a hint of the subway ^[3] .

Nevertheless, the town planners were included in the general plan section "Metro Construction". After that, the specialists of scientific and design institutions, despite the unconvincing rationale at the time and the absence of dates and traces, approved the document. With the approval of the document it was officially fixed that the city needed a high-speed mode of transport. Now, to realize the ideas laid down in the master plan, a large amount of research work was to be carried out. Meanwhile, the city continued to grow, the length of its streets increased annually and the traffic flow increased. One of the main problems was the Oktyabrsky Bridge and traffic jams more and more often in this place, both at the bridge itself and at the entrances. The authorities took up the solution of the transport problem ^[2] .

1968-1972 years. Comprehensive scheme and first draft

In 1968, the city authorities entrust the design institute “ Novosibgrazhdanproekt ” (previously “Novosibproekt”) to develop, on the basis of the approved master plan, a comprehensive transport development scheme, and also to show the feasibility (with deadlines) of the metro facilities in the city ^[1] special group. During the work on the complex scheme, the specialists of the group were to investigate the resettlement and movement of residents (within the city), the intensity of ground public transport, and also to identify the most overloaded sections of highways ^[2] .

Work on the scheme was carried out for two years under the guidance of V. Ya. Borisovskiy from the department of transport problems of the institute ^[1] . Researches of experts showed that the Communal bridge was the narrowest section on city highways. Also, studies have shown that it was still too early to go to the Council of Ministers and the State Planning Committee on the issue of building a metro in the city. In addition, the city needed a second road bridge , the design of which became the main goal and pushed aside the construction of the metro ^[2] . At the end of 1970, the development of the Novosibirsk Urban Transport Development Scheme until 2000 was completed and on February 15 of the following year it was passed for consideration and approval first to the city and then to the regional executive committee. ^[one]

According to the scheme developed at the institute, the Novosibirsk Metro included three lines (Leninskaya, Kirovskaya and Dzerzhinskaya) with a total length of 52 km with 36 stations. At the intersection of the lines, four transfer hubs were planned (3 on the right bank and 1 on the left), which would allow passengers in any direction of the trip not to make more than one transplant ^[3] .

After all the approvals and examinations in the Republican Gosstroy and the State Plan ( Republican and Union ), the scheme is accepted, but with substantial remarks. The comments of the commissions consisted in the need to work out the 1st stage of construction, in terms and prices. Already in the autumn the project was finalized. At the same time, the design and research organizations of the city carried out work to lay the future route and determine its direction. By the end of the same 1971, the project adjustment work was completed. After that, the project documentation was sent back to Moscow for examination. The members of the expert committee after their arrival in Novosibirsk approved the revised draft. The documentation was reviewed and approved by the Council of State Expertise of the Union Gosplan. The project received high marks at the joint meeting of two republican ministries: road transport and housing and communal services ^[1] . Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev , who arrived in August 1972 in the city, at a regional meeting, promised to consider, together with the USSR Council of Ministers, the construction of the metro in Novosibirsk ^[3] .

1974-1978 Final draft

Nevertheless, despite the high marks and approvals, there were problems. The main customer of the subway was the Ministry of Railways of the USSR . It did not consider the documents with the seals of the Novosibgrazhdanproekt to be considered “legitimate” in terms of metros. And it demanded from the head institute Metrogiprotrans to remake the developed substantiation. And Metrogiprotrans entrusted the development of a feasibility study to its Baku branch ( Bakmetroproekt ). In 1974, Baku residents developed a new version of the feasibility study . Moreover, the main provisions of "Novosibgrazhdanproekt" remained ^[1] . On April 24, 1975, a new version of the justification was approved by the Russian government ^[3] , and in June, Bakmetroproekt began developing the technical design of the first stage of the metro ^[1] .

The project of the first stage of the metro with a length of 13.1 km with eleven stations was approved by the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR on December 12, 1978 , and in the Union Council of Ministers - a month earlier. The starting complex of the metro included a section of the Lenin line 8.5 km long with five stations, a metro bridge with overpasses through the Ob, an electric depot and an engineering building ^[1] .

On March 30, 1981, after the start of construction, the USSR Council of Ministers issued Decree No. 312, on the basis of which the Novosibmetroproekt Institute developed and approved the government amended General Metro Development Scheme, according to which the Novosibirsk Metro consists of five lines with a total length of 91, 4 km ^[4] .

1979-1986. Construction and commissioning of the first section

On January 15, 1979, on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR , the Directorate of the Novosibirsk Metro under construction (now MUP UZSPTS) appears, which has become the construction customer and has provided funding for the facility ^{[5] [6]} . A month later, in March, the first metro-builders arrived from Tashmetrostroy, on the basis of which a construction site was created in the city (the predecessor of Novosibirskmetrostroy) ^[2] . In the same month, a metro design institute, Novosibmetroproekt, was established in Novosibirsk.

The date of commencement of construction is May 12, 1979 . On this day, a solemn meeting took place (in the area of ​​the future "October"), dedicated to the beginning of the construction of the metro, on which the first pile was driven ^[1] . Since the beginning of 1980, work began on the first section of the Dzerzhinsky line , which included two stations: Vokzalnaya (now the Garin-Mikhailovsky Square) and Narymskaya (now the Sibirskaya) ^{[3] [7]} . Since August, the metro-builders have begun construction of the metro bridge ^[8] .

In the same 1980, tunneling began on the stretch of Oktyabrskaya - Ploshchad Lenina station ^[1] . The first connection took place on this site on June 19, 1981 ^[1] . On April 21, 1982, Order No. 49-o of the Ministry of Transport Construction was issued, according to which the Directorate was later located in the city of Novosibirsk and reorganized into the Novosibirsk Metro Construction Department under the name Novosibirskmetrostroy. On June 30, 1984, according to the order No. 2232 of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR , the management of the Novosibirsk metro under construction was established ^[9] .

His first boss was the Hero of Socialist Labor Yuri Lelekov ^[9] . In late 1984, he was tasked with recruiting operational subway units. And next year, on his initiative “ Glavmetropoliten ”, the USSR Metropolitan of the USSR established, as a patron of the younger Siberian junior colleague under construction, ^[1] . On the night of December 5, 1985 from the depot to Oktyabrskaya, the first cold train with wagon No. 9872 passed through the motor- car. On December 16, the installation of the contact rail was completed, and on December 19 the test train passed through the entire metro section ^[2] Metro was commissioned by the State Commission ^[10] . Then began the technological refinement of the metro traffic regime. Workers all these days "rolled" all willing citizens. By the day of the official opening, about 100 thousand people had swept the subway ^[1] .

On January 7, 1986, the metro officially opens its doors to passengers ^[11] .

1986-1992. Filing of the first stage

Simultaneously with the completion of the work and the subsequent delivery of the first section, in 1985 the preparatory work began, and in 1986 the construction work at the Marx Square station began. In the next two years, two more stations of the Lenin line - Gagarinskaya and Zaeltsovskaya - are being built. All three stations were planned to be commissioned in 1990 ^[12] , however, due to the changes taking place in the country at that time, which began interruptions in funding and the supply of materials, this task was not fulfilled ^[13] .

On December 31, 1987, the first section of the Dzerzhinsky line of two stations, Sibirskaya and Garin-Mikhailovsky Square, was launched in a solemn ceremony. On 26 July 1991, the Marx Square station ^{[14] was} commissioned, and on April 2, 1992, the Gagarinskaya and Zaeltsovskaya stations. ^[15] . With the launch of the latter, construction of objects of the first stage of the Novosibirsk Metro was completed. On September 14, 1992, a decree No. 737 of the mayor of Novosibirsk appeared on the creation of a metropolitan-like operating enterprise, Novosibirsk Metro, based on the metro administration. And the property management department of the Novosibirsk mayor’s office became the founder of this enterprise. By the Decree No. 1069 of the Mayor of Novosibirsk dated 12.23.1992, the Charter of AOOT “Construction Management Novosibirskmetrostroy” was registered ^[9] .

1992–2012 years. Subsequent station construction

A gradual extension of the Dzerzhinsk line to the east began. Preparatory work began in the late 1980s . So, in 1988, the backup tram was removed - first from Gogol Street, and in 1992 - from Koshurnikov Street. The actual construction of three stations (length of the section 4.82 km) on the line started in 1990 . Initially they planned to build a launch site with a length of 2.25 km by the centenary of the city ( 1993 ), but due to lack of funding, the crisis in the country, these plans remained on paper ^[16] . In 1996, during his election campaign, Boris Yeltsin even promised to allocate funds for the construction of the metro. However, these promises remained dreams ^[17] .

The next station of the Dzerzhinsky line - Marshal Pokryshkin was commissioned only on December 28, 2000. And along with it, the right distillery 1.58 km tunnel was put into operation - to the Ploshchad Garin-Mikhailovsky station ^[3] . The next station, Birch Grove , appeared only after another 5 years, by June 25, 2005. ^[18] And the construction of the second (right) tunnel was completed almost two years later, after its opening, and the full-fledged ring movement was opened on June 23, 2007 ^[3] .

On October 7, 2010, the Golden Niva station was opened ^[19] (and on October 26 it was closed by the court for 30 days ^[20] , allegedly due to structural problems). The initiative to close the station belonged to Rostekhnadzor . ^[21] From the very beginning, the station was opened in a truncated form - with one distilling tunnel, the right one. The station was reopened only on February 9, 2011 ^[22] . And throughout 2012, finishing and construction work was carried out in lobby No. 1 (entrances 2, 4), and the remaining entrances to the surface were built (No. 1 and No. 3). Since December 21, 2012, Golden Niva has been operating at full capacity, but with one tunnel ^[23] .