Haifa

According to one version, the name of the city comes from the words Hebrew. חוף יפה " Hof Yafe " - "beautiful coast" ^[1] .

The Crusaders associated the name of the city with the name of the high priest Caiaphas , in which Jesus Christ was crucified ^[2] .

According to another version, this name comes from the Aramaic word “huff” - “shore” (Aramaic was previously spoken in this region).

There is also a version ^{[2] of the} origin of the name of the city from the Hebrew root . חפה "hapa" - to "shelter." Mount Carmel covers Haifa’s harbor from winds from the south and east, and its spur serves as a natural defense of the bay from westerly winds and from winter storms that are frequent in this part of the Mediterranean Sea ^{[2] [3]} . Given that in ancient times, Haifa was a small port settlement located approximately where Haifa Bat Galim is now located, the name Haifa can be translated as “safe, sheltered harbor”.

Haifa was founded in the Roman era. During the time of the Talmud ( 3rd – 5th centuries A.D. ), a thriving Jewish settlement existed on the site of Haifa. At the time of the Crusaders ( XI century ), it was a fairly large settlement at that time and a significant Mediterranean port. The Carmelite Order was based on Mount Carmel .

Since the late 1880s, Haifa has become a major port city - the main maritime gate of Palestine .

In the 1930s, Haifa was the center of illegal immigration to Eretz Yisrael. Most illegal Jewish repatriates, including refugees from Nazi Germany , arrived in Palestine via the Haifa port. By 1944, Jews constituted the majority of the population of Haifa, numbering at that time 128 thousand people ^[4] .

Haifa has a special topographic structure. The lower city and port are a business and office center. The middle part of the city - Adar ha-Carmel - is the commercial district of Haifa. At the top of Mount Carmel are entertainment and shopping centers, as well as prestigious residential areas and hotels. The coastal strip includes the largest port of Israel and beaches.

Haifa is famous for its atmosphere of friendliness and tolerance - religious and national. Here is the main temple of the Bahai religion, the golden dome of which has become the hallmark of the city. However, the Jewish-Arab conflict also affected Haifa; its bloodiest manifestations were the massacre at the Haifa refinery and the ensuing attack by the Hagans against the Arab village of .

For a long time the city developed as a port appendage of Acre and gradually turned into the central sea gate of the country and a major railway junction.

The main attraction of the city is the biblical Mount Carmel ("Vineyard of God", 546 m), on which the prophet Elijah lived, and which is considered the "homeland" of the Carmelite order. Nowadays, the mountain is occupied by city blocks and is covered with numerous gardens and parks, among which are observation platforms and famous monasteries - the Carmelite Catholic Monastery ( 13th century ), the Haifa Great Synagogue on Herzl Street, the Cave of Elijah the Prophet and the Bahai Temple crowned with a golden dome his famous "Persian Gardens" and the tomb of the founder of this religious movement - Baba .

On Cape Carmel, there is an extensive archaeological site of Tel Shikmon (“Sykomor hill”). The Carmelite monastery building Stella Maris (“Star of the Seas”) is also interesting; the building of the Museum of Science and Technology - the historic building of the Technion (1912, architect A. Barwald); picturesque district of Moshava Germanit ("German colony"); the suburban Druze villages of Isfiya and Dalyat el-Carmel; Gan a-Em (“Mother’s Garden”) with the Museum of the History of the Ancient World and the zoo located on its territory; the complex of the city Museum of Haifa; Museum of the artist Joseph Mane-Katz; Museum of Illegal Immigration; National Maritime Museum; Museum of Music; Museum of Japanese folk art with a real "Japanese-style rock garden"; "Sculpture Garden" on Zionism Boulevard; Kababir quarter, in which followers of the Muslim sect Ahmadiyeh (or Ahmedites) live. One of the largest and most beautiful parks in Israel is considered the vast Ha-Carmel Nature Reserve, adjacent to the campus of the University of Haifa . In the spurs of the Carmel Ridge, 25 km south of Haifa, lies a magnificent memorial park surrounding the tomb of Baron Edmond Rothschild and his wife.

Haifa has the only metro line in Israel - the Carmelit funicular (6 stops), connecting the Lower and Upper City, the journey takes about 8 minutes, and two trains run on the line.

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics of Israel , the population at the beginning of 2018 was 281,087 people ^[5] . 82% are Jews (1/3 of them are from the former USSR), the rest are Arabs (mostly Christians) and Druze.

Haifa is the only city in Israel where the metro operates. It is an underground funicular called “ Carmelit ”.

In addition, Haifa is connected to the center of the country by the railway Nahariya - Haifa - Tel Aviv - Airport named after Ben-Gurion - Be'er Sheva .

Haifa has Haifa Airport , serving local and international short-haul flights.

There are bus lines in the city.

On August 16, 2013, the Haifa municipal company Yefe-Nof commissioned the Metronit light transport infrastructure, which is a 16-meter environmentally friendly bus moving in special lanes. Metronit will link Bat Galim and Adar with the Check Post . Then the infrastructure will be expanded and cover the coast from the southern entrance to Haifa to the satellite cities ( Krayot ).

Higher Education

Haifa has two of Israel’s most important higher education institutions, the University of Haifa and the Technion .

Cinema

Since 1983, every autumn, the Haifa Cinematheque and other halls of the city host the International Haifa Film Festival .

Since 2007, Haifa has hosted the annual Summer Film Festival of Israeli Films on Adar , and since 2010, the annual KinOle Film Festival.

Theater

Haifa houses the Haifa City Theater .

Music

Haifa is one of the world centers of psi trance . This is where the Infected Mushroom band came about. From Haifa, participants of the 2017 Dobrofest Useless ID .

Emigrants from Odessa here formed the Russian-language rap- collective 04-Unit.

The city has the Sammi Ofer stadium, opened in 2014 and accommodates 30,874 spectators . The national football team of Israel held its first official match at this stadium on November 16, 2014 ^[6] .

Two Haifa football clubs, Maccabi (Haifa) and Hapoel (Haifa) , play in the Israeli Premier League .

The city has the Romeme Sports Palace, which was renovated in 2012 and accommodates 5,000 spectators. In “Romeme”, the Maccabi Basketball Club (Haifa) holds its matches.

The climate is Mediterranean . The Carmel mountain range, together with the sea, protect the areas of Haifa at the foot of Mount Carmel in winter from cooling; at this time, the areas located on the mountain suffer from strong winds that exacerbate the cold in winter and ease the heat in summer. Precipitation falls mainly from November to April. In addition, the mountains impede the spread of marine air masses to the east, which is why Haifa has high relative humidity almost all year round, except for days when hamsins are blowing.

Bat Galim

Bat-Galim (from Hebrew. בת גלים - “Mermaid”, literally. “Daughter of the waves”), the Haifa district, built up by Jewish settlers in the 1930s.

District Development History

The area is located on the old settlement, where once, until 1761, the city of Haifa was located.

Bat Galim was built up in the early 1930s. Due to the increasing clashes between Jews and Arabs , the place for the new district was chosen so that the independent and self-sufficient settlement of the German templars Moshava Germanit (now the Haifa region) covered the new Jewish settlement from Arab Haifa in the east, and the protected Haifa railway Tel Aviv - from the Arab settlement of Tirat a-Carmel in the south. During the Jewish-Arab clashes of 1936-1939 and during the War of Independence, the Bat Galim district still had to see belligerent Arabs and participate in battles.

During World War II, Bat Galim was a center for illegal immigration and arms delivery. On the territory of Bat Galim, the British set up a camp for illegal immigrants (now a museum). Since, in accordance with English laws, anyone born on mandated territories automatically received English citizenship, men and women were kept separately in the illegal immigrant camp, and the situation (four-row bunks, an extremely meager amount of food and fresh air) very much resembled Nazi concentration camps . For Jewish immigrants who fled from the horrors of the Nazi regime concentration camps, this situation was extremely depressing.

In the area of ​​Bat Galim in 1936, the first sea beach in Haifa was built. The British did not arrange beaches, because they considered Haifa exclusively as a transshipment point for raw materials obtained from the Middle Eastern lands controlled by them. As a result, the entire coast of the Haifa Bay was occupied by the port. Until now, Haifa beaches are located only in the west of Haifa, overlooking the open Mediterranean Sea .

In the 1930s, a casino was operating in the Bat Galim area. Since gambling was prohibited in Israel , the casino was closed.

Due to the relative isolation of the district from the rest of the city by rail (up to the present moment there is only one convenient road), the district has not become a business center.

In the area of ​​Bat Galim is a world famous clinic named after Rambama ^[7] , famous for its achievements in the field of cancer treatment, virology, bacteriology, neurology, etc., and many small clinics: orthopedic, dental, for children with developmental problems, etc.

Major Attractions in Bat Galim

• Beaches ^[8] - the well-maintained public beach of Bat Galim (בת גלים), which has no restrictions on access, as well as the well-maintained religious beach of Hof a-Shaket (חוף השקט) with separate bathing for men and women. Men and women are allowed on the Hof a-Shaket beach on different days, and only on Saturdays are men and women allowed to swim together;
• A cave in which, according to Jewish tradition, the prophet Ilya was hiding ( pictured ). (According to Christian Catholics, the cave of Elijah the Prophet is located in the " French Carmel " area, in the church of Stela Maris);
• Ancient burial caves dating from the 18th century and earlier;
• The lower station of Haifa's only cableway (the upper is in the French Carmel area , near the Carmelite lighthouse and monastery );

• English soldiers cemetery;
• Railway station "Bat Galim" (בת גלים);
• Management of the northern branch of the transport cooperative "Egged", which provides services of regular city and intercity buses in the north of the country;

Lower City

The lower city , the literal translation of the Hebrew name of the district העיר התחתית - the place from which the history of modern Haifa began (1761); The oldest district of the modern city.

District Development History

Located on the historical coast, near the lower metro station "Carmelit"; the coastline was then changed during the British Mandate (1918-1938) during the construction of the British Haifa Port. Before the restructuring of Haifa at the end of the 19th century, the Lower City was a standard Ottoman fort-city - a walled rectangle with sides of about 1 km by 1.5 km, with a gate in the center of each wall, which reigned unsanitary conditions, dirt and crimes, and cross which from end to end, without being robbed or killed, for a stranger was a miracle.

A sharp breakthrough in the development of the Lower City occurred in 1905, when the Turkish authorities opened the Ottoman railway station near the Lower City, where the Railway Museum is now located. Together with the seaport that existed in Haifa, this predetermined the development of Haifa as an industrial and economic center, and also allowed Haifa to become the sea gate of Palestine. The charge of development laid down in the Lower City by the Turkish authorities turned out to be so great that Haifa is still the main passenger port of Israel, one of the two main industrial ports of Israel on the Mediterranean coast and the main center of the Israeli railway network.

Over time and with the growth of the city, the port and the railway station shifted to the west, and business life rose up the mountain, leaving the Lower City a poor Muslim Arab region, a center of crime and poverty. The lower city at the end of the 20th century was the center of Haifa crime and illegal business.

As a result of the transfer of a number of government agencies from Adar to the government complex, built in 2003 in the Lower City, a new round of development of this region began. The transfer of government structures sharply increased the cost of land in the Lower City, which had a beneficial effect on the situation and appearance of the district. In accordance with the reconstruction plan adopted in 2005, the central street of the district will be reconstructed, its throughput will be increased, and buildings will be restored. In addition, the educational campuses and branches of several colleges and universities will be transferred to the Lower City, in particular, the University of Haifa , Derby College, Tiltan College and others ^[9] . On the main street of the district, Independence Avenue ( Hebrew העצמאות ), in 2013, the Metronit public transport line was connected, which connects Haifa with satellite cities.

Part of the old buildings still remaining from the Ottoman city can be seen near the government complex, between the Tsim building and the coast.

Major Attractions of the Lower City

• Mosque and Muslim cemetery left over from the Ottoman Empire .
• Несколько арабских христианских церквей и церквей греческой христианской общины, а также старые христианские кладбища.

• Комплекс правительственных зданий, включающий в себя, помимо прочего, самый высокий в Хайфе небоскрёб «Парус» (מגדל המפרש) и здание судебного комплекса.
• Музей железных дорог ^[10] .
• Нижняя станция хайфского метро « Кармелит » под названием « Парижская площадь » (ככר פריס). Верхняя станция метро находится в районе Кармель .
• Развалины крепости, прикрывавшей хайфский порт (на подъёме к району «Адар»).
• Центральная станция Хайфского участка железной дороги Нагария - Тель-Авив — Хайфа Мерказ Ха Шмона. Выстроена в 1920-х годах. Несмотря на свою «центральность», эта станция не является ни самой большой, ни самой современной, ни даже самой оживлённой. Название «Центральная» идёт ещё со времён британского мандата , когда эта станция, обслуживающая примыкающий к ней хайфский порт, была единственной в Хайфе.
• Российское генеральное консульство в Хайфе с 2012 года находится на улице ха-Гефен.

Адар

Adar (הדר) - the first Jewish quarter of Haifa, is located on a plateau between the center of Carmel located on the top of Mount Carmel and the Lower City . The name, according to the generally accepted version, comes from the Hebrew word "nehedar" (נהדר) - "beautiful."

From the north-west, Adar is limited to the Christian Arabs by the region of Wadi Nisnas , and from the east by the Hiborim river and the region of religious Jews, Ramat Vizhnits . Both of these areas are often included in Adar, both in everyday speech and administratively, however, they are strikingly different from Adar in terms of composition of the population, therefore they are included in separate descriptions.

Adar covers an area of ​​2.83 km² and makes up 4.4% of the territory of Haifa. The population of the district is 37,170 inhabitants, which is 14% of the population of the city. Adar lies on the northern slope of Mount Carmel between Carmel Square and the Lower City . Currently, the area is home to numerous new immigrants, mainly from the former Soviet Union.

Main street - Herzl street - a busy shopping street with many shops, bazaars and stock centers. Some educational institutions, such as the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and Hiach High School, were relocated to another district, while others - Hadash, Bialik, and Even-Pina Institutes were closed.

As in the case of the “ Carmel ” district, under the general name “Adar” several areas are hiding: Lower Adar, Central Adar and Upper Adar.

7940 people live in Western Adar, of which 62% are Arabs. The Bahai Gardens and the Universal House of Justice are located in this area. The magnificent Bahai Gardens descend down the slopes of Mount Carmel to the area of ​​the German colony and are one of Haifa's main tourist attractions and have recently received UNESCO World Heritage status. There are also art galleries, antique shops and small cafes, as well as Beit Chagall - the center of artists and sculptors.

Adar Elyon (Upper Adar) is home to 10,340 people. The area contains many Haredim enclaves (ultra-Orthodox Jews) and related institutions.

Adar Merkaz (Central Khadar) is considered the heart of Adar with a population of 9,450 people. Central Khadar contains many of Haifa's architectural, cultural, and historical sites. Here are the Municipal Theater of Haifa, the National Museum of Science, Technology and Cosmonautics - MadaTech , the Central Library, several parks, hotels, office and shopping centers.

There are 9,440 people in East Adar. The area is divided into three neighborhoods: Yalag, Geula and Ramat Wiznitz. The first two of them are among the oldest Jewish areas of Haifa. Geula and Ramat Wiznitz are populated mainly by ultra-Orthodox Jews. The Ramat Wiznitz district is a special area where most of the residents belong to the Hasidic community, led by their own Rebbe.

An underground funicular Carmelit passes through the Adar area.

Neve Shaanan

In the first years after the end of the First World War, Haifa Jews turned to the Englishman Professor Patrick Gedes with a request to recommend land for the acquisition of land for a new area. He traveled around the neighborhood along and across and soon announced that he had found a magnificent plateau on the slope of the Red Carmel. It was him who was warmly and professionally recommended to be acquired by an English professor. Here you could buy 1000 dunams at a price of 8 lira per dunam. The Jews then coldly accepted his proposal, believing that the creation of a new district torn from the city, which does not even have any primary infrastructure, would then be very expensive.

And yet, in 1920, the “great deliverer of the lands of Eretz Yisrael,” Joshua Henkin acquired the territory of the present Neve Shaanan for the company “Ahsharat ha Ishuv”. After concluding a deal with the land owners, the Neve-Shaanan (Resident of Calm) society was founded, which included 240 people. At the beginning of 1922, a lottery was drawn among them for the acquisition of plots of 2 dunums. Their cost was already 27 lire, and plots with sea views - 37 lire.

So, in 1922 the first district of Haifa was founded, which was at a decent distance from the compact residence of the Jews.

Moshava Hermanite

Moshava Germanit (מושבה הגרמנית, lit. - "German colony") is a district built by German Templar Christians who believed in the need to restore Palestine by Christian forces. The settlement was founded in August 1868. In 1875, a wide street was laid - now it is Prospect them. Ben-Gurion ), - and two more, narrower, now st. a-Ghanim and st. Meir.

The Templars did almost as much for Haifa as the Turks did: they carried out the first line of carriages from Haifa to Nazareth , created a fire guard and ambulance in Haifa, organized their own internal police, security service, hospital, hotel. It was thanks to the Templars that Haifa began to develop as a European city.

In the 1930s, the mood of unity with Nazi Germany intensified among the templars. This led to the fact that England, then in possession of a mandate for Palestine, considered it necessary to regard Moshav Germanit as the camp of the enemy. All templar settlers were evicted from the country by the English government. By the time the State of Israel was formed, all the templars had left Palestine and settled in Australia.

The main attractions of the Moshava Hermanite district

• Templar houses built in the late 19th century and restored in the late 1990s.
• Tourist Information Center.
• Museum of the settlement of Haifa.
• Lots of cafeterias and restaurants serving Arabic, Mediterranean, Balkan, Italian, Maghreb and Far Eastern cuisines.
• Shopping center City Center.
• The lower level of the terraces of the Baha'i gardens.
• College of Design.
• The regional center of Women's International Zionist Organization. The Haifa League's “ What? Where? When? ".
• An Italian hospital served by nuns from a Carmelite monastery.
• Center for preventive testing of personal protective equipment issued to the public (in the City Center shopping center).

Carmel

General Description

The Carmel district ( Hebrew כרמל ), named after Mount Carmel , has long been the most popular and expensive district of Haifa. This is one of the largest areas of the city. In the understanding of the people of Haifa, the area called by the common word “Carmel” includes several smaller areas: the Center of Carmel (“Merkaz a-Carmel”, מרכז הכרמל), Carmel (כרמליה), French Carmel (הכרמל הצרפתי) and others. In fact, the Muslim region of Kababir (כאבביר) can also be attributed to Carmel, however, due to the significant difference in the population, it still makes sense to put it in a separate description.

Now French Carmel and Carmelia are quiet, sleeping areas for the middle and upper class, and the Carmel Center is the tourist center of the city. From the northeast, the Carmel area is limited to a very steep descent down to the Adar area . Thanks to this descent, a breathtaking view opens up from the ridge to the Haifa Bay , on the Mediterranean coast north of Haifa up to Acre , Nagariya and Rosh a-Nikra , to the Galilee mountains in the northeast and to the industrial zone of Haifa in the Zvulun Valley. This view makes a particularly strong impression at night, in the dark, when it is not visible that the sea of ​​lights below is actually an industrial zone.

In order for residents and tourists to enjoy this view, the Taalet Louis pedestrian boulevard was built on the crest of the mountain ^[11] . The boulevard has a length of more than a kilometer, consists of artificially broken parks, pedestrian alleys and observation platforms. In one of the parks, laid out along the boulevard, there is an artificial pond decorated with sculptures of kids. Behind the boulevard, at some distance from the cliff, there are two five-star hotels - Dan Carmel and Dan Panorama.

The Carmel Center has the Panorama shopping center (מרכז פנורמה), above which two towers rise - the Dan Panorama Hotel (English) and a residential building (see photo at the beginning of the description). Near these buildings are located the Gan HaMem park ^[12] , the upper station of the Haifa metro Carmelit, the zoo, the archaeological museum, the Auditorium concert hall, and the cultural center named after Rapoport, Cinema Cinema, Elisha Hospital, Russian Orthodox Church, Museum of Japanese Culture. There is a lighthouse on French Carmel, with which an interesting history of the War of Independence ^[13] , a Carmelite monastery, the Stella Maris church ^{[14] are} connected.

Carmelite Monastery

The construction of Carmel mainly occurred at the time when the State of Israel was already founded, but many of its parts were built up long before the emergence of other areas of the city. For example, the core of the Carmelite monastery was formed in the XI century ^[15] . The community received recognition and the name "Carmelite" in 1209 with the permission of the Latin patriarch Albert Saint. In 1263, in a place now located within the borders of French Carmel, a monastery grew up that lasted only 28 years.

In the years 1767-1774. A new building was erected by Dzhambatista, which in 1799 was plundered by the Turks, who pursued the sick and wounded soldiers of the Napoleonic army, who found defeat at the walls of Acre , who found shelter in the monastery. The soldiers were killed, the building was destroyed, and the expelled monks were forced to leave for Europe . Having obtained official permission to return their own lands, the members of the Order again erected a church under the leadership of Kazini, which began to function in 1836 . Everything else was attached later.

The main part of the monastery complex is the cathedral, which received the honorary title of “Mother Church” and the status of the world center of the Carmelite Order from the pope . In addition to the cathedral, the monastery has a number of services, training and living quarters, an excellent library and a museum with finds discovered on the site of the Byzantine monastery, where the Templar fortress was at the time of the Crusaders.

French Carmel

The French Carmel (הכרמל הצרפתי) got its name in honor of the Carmelite monastery located in the area, which were mostly French, and in honor of the school for children, over which the French flag fluttered. This area occupies the northwestern rocky tip of the Carmel Ridge .

In the area there are a lighthouse, Carmelite monastery, the Stella Maris church, the Haifa cable car top station, the center of enlightened Judaism and the Leo Beck school, named after the philosopher Leo Beck . The area runs from the top of the ridge down to the west, to the coastal area of Sprintsak ; the street leading down from the Center of Carmel is called “Derekh Tsarfat” ^[16] .

It was built mainly in the 1940-1980s, however, some buildings appeared in this area much earlier - mostly people settled around the current location of the Carmelite monastery. Today, French Carmel is a quiet, sleeping area for the middle and upper class.

Carmel Center

Carmel Center began to be built up in the 1940s. The only route of communication passed through it between the Jewish settlement in the Akhuza district and the Jewish quarter of Haifa Adar . Since the Arab region ( Lower City ) was located below Adar, the message was relatively safe, but the Arabs from time to time made sorties and robbed and killed travelers. This led to the Jewish settlers first patrolling the road, and then built a chain of guard posts along it.

The peak of development of the Carmel Center came in the 1960s. Then the main business life of the city was focused on Adara; the Carmel district was the center of new buildings, and many people abandoned apartments on Carmel for apartments on Adar. Soon, already in the late 1970s, the situation changed radically: Carmel, purged from the south and south-west, became a prestigious area, and Adar began to grow and grow old.

Now the Carmel Center is mainly a tourist center and a prestigious business district.

Major Attractions in the Carmel Area

• Carmelite Monastery and the Stella Maris Church ^[14] ;
• Haifa Port Lighthouse;
• Bahai Gardens , upper terrace (lower located in Moshava Germanit );
• The upper station of the Haifa cableway (the lower is in the area of Bat Galim );
• Pedestrian Boulevard "Taalet Louis" ^[11] ;
• The upper station of the Haifa metro " Carmelit " under the name " Gan a-Em " ^[12] (גן האם). (The lower station is located in the Lower City area );
• Museum of Japanese Art "Tikotin" (see photo) ;
• Church of Elijah the Prophet of the Russian Spiritual Mission in Jerusalem ; Russian Orthodox Church ;
• Cinema Center "Cinematec" ;
• Concert Hall "Auditorium";
• Center for the Arts. Rapoport;
• Zoo with a botanical garden;
• Archaeological Museum (in the zoo);
• Museum of the artist Mane Katz ;
• Hotels, pubs, restaurants;
• Center for Progressive Judaism .

Kababir

Muslim Arabs from the Ahmadiyah community. It is located on the southwestern spur of Mount Carmel, not far from the Carmel district and the zoo . It is a Muslim enclave in the center of the Jewish city. Access to the area is along two streets from Moria Avenue. In the center of the district is a mosque (see photo).

Ahuza

The construction of the district began in 1925, here were one of the first settlements on Mount Carmel.

In the region of Akhuza today 5630 people live. The area has a very good location, upscale surrounding area with a mixed population. Along with the Nef Shanan area, it is also one of the two main concentration centers for English-speaking immigrants in Haifa. There is a large religious community and all kinds of religious institutions. Many scientists and specialists live in Akhuz. The area consists mainly of small residential buildings (6-12 families), as well as several private houses. In this area there are several schools, a pensioners club, a nursing home, a Carmel hospital, a hotel.

Romema

There are 8340 people in the Romemot area. The area consists of Old and New Romems. These areas were created in the 1950s and 1960s and then expanded in the 1980s and 1990s. Both Romems have a fairly mixed population, including young and old people, novices and native Israelis, religious and non-religious residents. In the area there are primary schools, a municipal sports center, a youth movement center, an Rosh Maya excavation site, a city library, hotels, and student hostels.

Dania

Denmark ( Hebrew דניה ) is one of the most prestigious areas of Haifa. Built up in the 1980s and later. The area got its name from the name of the construction company "Danya Cebus". The name "Denmark" coincides with the archaic name of Denmark in Hebrew, and one of the streets of the district is named after this country. Many streets of the district are named after other states - Finland , Italy , Sweden and others.

District History

The district has practically no multi-storey residential buildings; it is built up with one-two-three-story villas and cottages for one or two families, many with pools. Due to the geographic features of the area, the area stretched out in a long narrow “language”, the lower part of which is practically in contact with the satellite city of Haifa Tirat a-Carmel . Communication with the rest of the city is carried out only through two intersections located in the very upper part of the district. Thus, in terms of urban planning, the Denia area is a dead end. This ensures the absence of noisy clubs, business centers, wide roads, etc., in other words - peace and quiet in the area.

В течение многих лет витают идеи объединить нижнюю часть Дэнии и верхнюю часть Тират а-Кармель и построить широкую дорогу, соединяющую побережье Средиземного моря и гребень горы Кармель, проходящую через Тират а-Кармель и Дэнию. Однако этим идеям, скорее всего, не суждено сбыться, так как такая дорога, позволяя разгрузить чрезвычайно перегруженное шоссе им. Фрейда (о котором рассказывается в статье Хорев ), одновременно сделает Дэнию очень шумным районом с большим количеством транзитных машин, и в результате цены на жильё в Дэнии катастрофически упадут.

Достопримечательности, расположенные в районе Дэния

• К району Дэния примыкает кампус Хайфского университета . В кампусе находятся: музей им. Реувена Хехта, музей древнего корабля, галерея искусств и обзорная галерея (в башне «Эшколь»). Подробнее см. статью о Хайфском университете .
• К району Дэния примыкает национальный парк и заповедник горы Кармель .
• В кампусе Хайфского университета будет располагаться верхняя станция канатной дороги, соединяющей Хайфский университет , Технион и Чек-Пост (проект на стадии строительства).

Рамот Ремез

Рамот Ремез был основан в 1949—1950 как жилищный проект для пожилых членов союза Гистадрут Клалит . К ним присоединились профессиональные военные.

Спальный район на отрогах горы Тлалим, на которой расположен Хайфский университет . Географически окружён: с севера — районами Рамат Сапир и Рамат Хен, с северо-востока — перекрёстком Зив, с востока — кампусом Техниона и районом Рамат Алон, с юга (выше по склону горы) — районом Рамат Альмоги. Ввиду того, что район застроен в пятидесятые-шестидесятые годы, качество жилья оставляет желать лучшего; — даже несмотря на то, что дома выше по склону горы построены в 1970-х годах, размеры квартир и кол-во комнат в них редко оказывается большим. Сочетание низкого муниципального налога и невысокой стоимости съемного жилья привлекает в район небогатых репатриантов, пенсионеров, студентов. Близость района к Техниону и Университету привлекает множество студентов. Достопримечательность района — обширный парк, в котором разбросаны жилые дома. В последние годы неоднократно предпринимались попытки со стороны муниципалитета увеличить этажность домов в районе, либо построить на месте парков новые жилые дома, что встретило активное сопротивление местных жителей. Благодаря экспериментальной реформе автобусного сообщения (проект «Шхунатит») значительно улучшилось ^[17] в последний год автобусное сообщение с другими районами города. Значительная часть жителей района, однако, считает, что данная реформа ущемила их интересы и ухудшила в районе ситуацию с транспортом. ^[eighteen]

Рамот Сапир

Небольшой район Рамат Сапир был основан в 1980 году и застроен высотными зданиями, состоящими из восьми и более этажей. В этом районе также находится небольшой торговый центр, несколько общественных мест. Рамат-Хен, основанный в 1990-х годах, состоит из таунхаусов.

В этом районе находятся следующие учреждения:

• Начальная школа Хабоним
• Начальная школа Фихман
• Общественный центр Рамот
• Гериатрической реабилитационный центр Флиман
• Дом пенсионеров
• Клуб пенсионеров
• Семейная Клиника (Типат Халав)

Хоф Шикмона

В районе Хоф Шикмона проживает 20830 человек, 38,6 % из них являются новыми иммигрантами. Этот район включает в себя следующие районы с севера на юг; Эйн ха-Ям, Кирьят-Шпринцак, Шаар Ха-Алия, Неве Давид. Шаар Ха-Алия, Неве Давид были первоначально созданы в 40-х и 50-х годах в качестве транзитных лагерей для новых иммигрантов (מעברות), когда Хайфа была одним из основных пунктов въезда для иммигрантов. Позже было построено постоянное жильё и район стал частью сетевого окружения Хайфы.

Здесь расположено несколько школ, начальная школа для детей со специальными потребностями, общественные центры Бейт Фанни Каплан и Неве Давид, муниципальная библиотекм (Неве Давид и Кирьят Шпринцак), океанографический институт (ивр.), археологические раскопки Шикмона, молодёжный клуб, реабилитационный центр Министерства обороны, Военно-реабилитационное центры и госпиталь.

Кирьят Элиэзер

После основания государства Израиль, в районе Кирьят-Элиэзер в период с 1951—1954 было построено жилье для демобилизованных солдат. В настоящее время в районах Бат-Галим и Кирьят-Элиэзер проживает 19 430 человек.

Кирьят-Элиэзер в Хайфе ещё называют «Русским районом» из-за большого количества проживающих тут выходцев из бывшего СССР, «русских» магазинов. Красивый, зелёный район с детскими площадками и длинным бульваром граничит с Бат-Галимом и Мошав Германит. В районе расположен ульпан (школа изучения иврита) с общежитием для репатриантов, медицинский центр Лин и итальянский госпиталь, в котором за больными ухаживают католические монахини. Рядом с нижней станцией канатной дороги с горы Кармель расположены Музей нелегальной эмиграции и военно-морских сил Израиля и Национальный морской музей (ивр.) ;

Источник дат — официальный сайт хайфского муниципалитета (англ.) , если не указано иначе.

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