Genko-yoshi ( Japanese 原稿 用紙 genko : yo: si ) - Japanese lined writing paper . Squares are marked on it, usually 200 or 400 per sheet, and in one square it is supposed to put one character in Japanese letters or punctuation . Genco-yoshi can be written with any writing device - pencil, pen, brush; under the sheet, you can put the substrate "sitaziki" ( Japanese. 下 敷 き ) .
In the past, genco-yoshi was used for any handwritten work ( essay , essay , news), however, after the spread of computers, handwritten texts began to appear less frequently, although many text editors still include templates for “genco-yoshi”. Despite this, students often write on this type of paper — primary and secondary school students must do their homework on it; all exam assignments pass on it. A text with 10,000 characters occupies 40-45 sheets of genco-yoshi [1] .
In some Japanese as a foreign language courses, students are taught the use of genco-yoshi as part of vertical writing training.
Content
Appearance
Genko-yoshi is usually used for vertical writing, however, by turning the sheet, you can write text on it horizontally. Most often, a sheet of paper B4 (250 × 353) fits two pages with ten lines of ten squares. There are small gaps between the vertical columns for recording furigans and other notes.
In the center of the sheet is an empty line that allows you to bend the sheet.
2. the name of the author in the 2nd column, between the surname and name one empty square, after the name there should be another square;
3. The first sentence begins in the 2nd square of the 3rd column; the beginning of each paragraph is written in the second square;
4. subtitles are written between empty columns, starting from the third square;
5. punctuation marks occupy a whole square, except when they start a line - in this case they fit into the same square as the previous character.
Origin
Before the Edo period, writing was often calligraphic, and they were written mainly on non-ruled scrolls , although sometimes there were vertical lines on paper to facilitate writing. Genko-yoshi became widely used in the middle of the Meiji period , when newspapers and magazines became popular, which also required precise counting of signs.
Terms of use
Most often, genco-yoshi is used for vertical writing from right to left. Thus, the first page is on the right hand side of the reader. The name is written on the first line, usually with a gap of two or three squares on top. The name of the author occupies the second line, with one or two empty squares remaining under it; an empty square remains between the name and surname. The first sentence of the text begins on the 3rd or 4th square.
Each paragraph begins with an empty square, however, if the first character of the paragraph is the opening quotation mark (in the vertical text it looks like ﹁or﹃), it is placed in the upper square.
As in printed vertical text, on genco-yoshi, dots, commas, sokuon (and other reduced kana icons) are written in the upper right corner of the square. All punctuation marks, including brackets and quotation marks, as well as reduced kana characters, usually occupy a separate square, except when wrapping a line when they are added to the last square before wrapping (also see the ). The point followed by a closing quote is written with the last one in a separate square [2] . After non-Japanese punctuation ( exclamation point , question mark , etc.), an empty square is left. The ellipsis and dash occupy two squares.
Furigan is written to the right of the transcribed character.
Latin words, phrases, and sentences, other than abbreviations, are often written vertically by turning the page 90 ° counterclockwise.
Manga
Mangaki and people of related professions use a special kind of genco-yoshi called "manga-genko-yoshi", the markings on which are printed in thin translucent blue lines. There are several types of marking, on paper in various formats and .
Notes
- ↑ University of Tokyo, Social Science Japan Journal (SSJJ), Call for papers Archived September 22, 2012 on the Wayback Machine ; retrieved 2012-4-29.
- ↑ 原稿 用紙 の 使 い 方 (How to you Genkō yōshi) (Japanese) . Date of treatment August 21, 2012. Archived on April 8, 2013.
- Seward, Jack. Easy Japanese: A Guide to Spoken and Written Japanese . 1993 Passport Books, Chicago.
- New College Japanese-English Dictionary, 5th Edition, Kenkyusha