Sea smelt [1] ( lat. Hypomesus japonicus ) is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the smelt family (Osmeridae), the largest member of the genus Hypomesus .
| Sea smelt |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
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| International Scientific Name |
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Hypomesus japonicus ( Brevoort , 1856 ) |
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Content
The maximum body length is 25 cm, weight is 158 g, the maximum lifespan is 8 years [2] .
The body is fusiform, the back is dark, and the sides and belly are silvery. Small upper mouth (lower jaw protruding) with very small teeth. The upper jaw is short, does not reach the vertical of the middle of the eye. The dorsal fin is short, with 2-3 unbranched and 8-10 soft branching rays, located in the middle of the body. The ventral fins with 1 hard and 7 soft rays, located at the level of the dorsal fin. Anal fin with 3 hard and 11–14 soft branched rays. Caudal fin strong. There is a fat fin . Lateral line incomplete with 9-14 scales. A small number of pyloric appendages (4-8) [3] .
Coastal marine fishes come into desalination coves, estuaries and brackish-water lakes.
The diet of juveniles and adults includes copepods , cumene crayfish , mysididae , calanidae , branchy crayfish . In addition to zooplankton organisms, small smelt feed on benthic organisms, such as scuds and polychaetes . As they grow, the size of the victims increases. Adults can consume caviar and fish larvae. In the prespawning and spawning periods, the low-profile smelt of the sea practically stops feeding [3] [4] .
Sexual maturity reaches the age of 1-2 years. Spawning up to 3 times during life. In the southern part of the range they spawn in April-May, and in the northern part - in June. Spawning occurs off the coast in the surf zone on the desalinated areas, can spawn in brackish water lakes. Adhesive caviar is deposited on sandy soil or algae ( kelp ) and sea grass . Fertility from 8.5 to 35 thousand eggs [3] [5] .
The endemic of the northwest Pacific . It occurs from the coast of North Korea and the island of Honshu to Kamchatka . Common in Peter the Great Bay , Sakhalin and the southern Kuril Islands [6] .
It was also found in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk [7] .
- ↑ Bohutskaya N. G., Naseka A. M. Catalog of jawless and freshwater and brackish fish of Russia with nomenclature and taxonomic comments. - M .: Fellowship of scientific publications KMK, 2004. - P. 126. - 389 p. - 1000 copies - ISBN 5-87317-177-7 .
- ↑ Hypomesus japonicus (English) in FishBase database.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Commercial fish of Russia. In two volumes / ed. O. F. Gritsenko, A. N. Kotlyar, and B. N. Koteneva. - Moscow : VNIRO publishing house, 2006. - T. 1. - p. 252-254. - 656 s. - ISBN 5-85382-229-2 .
- ↑ Vasilets P.M., Maksimenkov V.V. Some aspects of the biology of juvenile sea smelt Hypomesus japonicus (Brevoort) (Osmeridae) in the coastal waters of eastern Kamchatka // In: Investigations of the biology and dynamics of the number of commercial fish of the Kamchatka shelf. - 1998. - № 4 . - pp . 52-56 . - DOI : 10.5281 / zenodo.267419 .
- ↑ Gavrenkov Yu. I., Platoshina LK Biology and ecology of reproduction of short-smelt smelts of the genus Hypomesus (Osmeridae) of Primorye // In Proc .: Readings in memory of Vladimir Yakovlevich Levanidov. Issue 2. - 2003. - pp . 425-435 .
- ↑ Klyukanov, VA, Morphological Foundations of Systematics of Small Smelts of the Genus Hypomesus (Osmeridae), Zool. magazine. - 1970. - V. 49 , № 10 . - p . 1534-1542 .
- ↑ Chereshnev I. A., Shestakov A. V., Skopets M. B. On the distribution of small smelt of the genus Hypomesus (Osmeridae) in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk // Ichthyology Questions: Journal. - 1999. - V. 39 , № 4 . - p . 486-491 .
