Distance learning

Modern distance learning is based on the use of the following basic elements

• information transfer media (mail, television, radio, information communication networks),
• methods dependent on the technical environment for the exchange of information.

in the 21st century, interactive interaction with students through information and communication networks is promising, of which the environment of Internet users is massively distinguished. In 2003, the ADL initiative group began developing the standard for interactive distance learning SCORM , which involves the widespread use of Internet technologies. The introduction of standards contributes to both deepening the requirements for the composition of distance learning and software requirements.

Distance learning allows you to:

• reduce the cost of training (no costs are required for the rental of premises, trips to the place of study, both students and teachers, etc.);
• reduce training time (collection, travel time);
• the participant can independently plan the time, place and duration of classes;
• conduct training for a large number of people;
• to improve the quality of training through the use of modern tools, voluminous electronic libraries, etc.
• create a unified educational environment (especially relevant for corporate training).

Remote educational technologies using the Internet are used both for the development of individual advanced training courses for users and for higher education. The following main forms of distance learning can be distinguished: online and offline. Learning via the Internet has several significant advantages:

• Flexibility - students can receive education at a time suitable for them and in a convenient place;
• Long-range - students are not limited by distance and can study regardless of place of residence;
• Profitability - the cost of long trips to the place of study is significantly reduced.

Chat classes - training sessions carried out using chat technologies. Chat classes are held synchronously, that is, all participants have simultaneous access to the chat. Within the framework of many distance learning institutions, there is a chat school in which, using chat rooms, the activities of distance teachers and students are organized.

Web classes - distance lessons, conferences, seminars, business games, laboratory works, workshops and other forms of training sessions conducted using telecommunications and other features of the World Wide Web.

For web classes, specialized educational web forums are used - a form of user work on a specific topic or problem using entries left on one of the sites with the corresponding program installed on it.

Web forums differ from chat sessions by the possibility of longer (multi-day) work and the asynchronous nature of the interaction between students and teachers.

Teleconference - held, as a rule, on the basis of mailing lists using e-mail. Educational teleconferences are characterized by the achievement of educational objectives. There are also forms of distance learning, in which training materials are sent by mail to the regions.

The basis of such a system is the teaching method, which is called the "Natural Learning Process" ( English natural learning manner ). Distance learning is a democratic, simple and free learning system. Now ^{[ when? ] is} actively used by residents of Europe for additional education. The student, constantly performing practical tasks, acquires stable automated skills. Theoretical knowledge is acquired without additional effort, organically interwoven with training exercises. The formation of theoretical and practical skills is achieved through a systematic study of materials and listening to and repeating exercises on the audio and video media for the speaker (if any).

Telepresence . There are many different ways of distance learning. For example, remote presence with the robot R.Bot 100 . Now ^{[ when? ]} in Moscow, in one of the schools, there is an experiment on this type of distance learning . A disabled boy, being at home at the computer, hears, sees, talks using a robot. The teacher asks him questions, he answers. At the same time, the teacher sees the student, because the monitor is on the robot. At the same time, the boy has an almost complete impression that he is in the classroom with his peers in the lesson. During breaks, he can also chat with his classmates. ^[4] If the experiment is successful, it can open the way to a large project to introduce such a distance learning method throughout Russia.

In Europe, at the end of the 18th century , with the advent of regular and affordable postal service, “correspondent training” arose. Students in the mail received training materials, corresponded with teachers and passed exams to an authorized person or in the form of scientific work. In Russia, this method appeared at the end of the XIX century.

The beginning of the 20th century is characterized by rapid technological growth, the presence of a telegraph and a telephone. But there are no reliable facts about their use in training. At the same time, the era of “correspondent education” is continuing, many universities around the world have led and are still leading it.

The advent of radio and television has made changes to distance learning methods. This was a significant breakthrough, the learning audience has grown hundreds of times. Many still remember the educational TV shows that went on since the 50s. However, television and radio had a significant drawback - the student was not able to get feedback.

In 1969, the world's first university of distance education, the Open University of Great Britain , was opened in Great Britain ; it was named so as to show its accessibility due to its low price and the absence of the need to attend class classes frequently.

Other well-known universities with distance learning programs abroad: University of South Africa (1946), FernUniversität in Hagen (Germany, 1974), National University of Technology (USA, 1984) (DO programs in engineering), Hagen Open University (Germany), Cape Town INTEC College (South Africa), Spanish National Distance Learning University, British Open University Business School, Australian Territorial Information Network.

In the late 1980s, the availability of personal computers gave new hope related to the simplification and automation of training. Computer tutorials appeared on the first computers in the form of various games.

In 1988, the Soviet-American School Email project was implemented.

The pioneers of satellite technologies of distance learning in the 1990s were the International Association “Knowledge” and its collective member, the Modern Humanitarian Academy .

In Russia, the date of the official development of distance learning can be considered May 30, 1997, when order No. 1050 of the Ministry of Education of Russia was issued, which allows conducting an experiment on distance learning in the field of education.

In the 21st century, the availability of computers and the Internet makes distance learning even easier and faster. The Internet has become a huge breakthrough, much larger than radio and television. There was an opportunity to communicate and receive feedback from any student, wherever he is. The spread of the “fast Internet” made it possible to use “online” seminars (webinars) for training. The first in the post-Soviet space was the Optima Education Center distance school, providing students in grades 1-12 with the opportunity to study remotely in comfortable conditions, not depend on the place of stay and health, study subjects on an individual schedule and at their own speed of perception. that graduates of the Optima distance school receive state documents on education and can enter any higher educational institution in the world.

Distance learning is playing an increasingly important role in the modernization of education. According to the order 137 ^{[5] of the} Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 05.06.2005 “On the use of distance educational technologies”, the final control during training with the help of DOT (distance educational technologies) can be carried out both in person and remotely. The State Duma of the Russian Federation is considering a draft amendment to the law on education related to distance learning. .

In Russia, the concept of school distance learning was first fully implemented by Online Gymnasium No. 1 ^[6] , which, in the form of live communication with a teacher and classmates, completely transfers full-time school education to distance learning. Also, there are more and more schools that practice auto-workshops. The Online Gymnasium project is exceptional in that:

- The lesson is taught by the teacher online

- Up to 20 students are present at the lesson, the teacher sees each of them, and the students see each other, socialization is not lost and supported by the student chats, during the lesson the students work directly with each other on some tasks

- The monitoring of progress and attendance of each student is carried out by a curator who maintains constant contact with parents

- The school curriculum is fully preserved in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, Mon-Fri from 9:00 a.m. classes begin for 45 minutes with a 10-minute break

- Children are given an electronic pen, which carries out all tasks, thus, writing skills are preserved and developed

- A high level of education for every child living in any city in Russia and abroad. It is enough to have a computer with Internet access and a webcam.

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