Hukm ( Arabic: حُكْم - wisdom, decision) is an Islamic term based on the concept of wisdom and authority [1] . In Islamic law ( fiqh ), hukmah refers to assessments of human actions from the standpoint of their admissibility.
Types of hooks
The following types of hooks exist:
- Ahkam al-hamsa . In the fiqh literature, human actions from the standpoint of their permissibility are divided into five degrees:
- obligatory ( fard , wajib )
- recommended and approved ( sunnat , manddub , mustahabb )
- permissible and neutral ( mubah , jaiz )
- censured ( makruh )
- forbidden ( haram , maskhur ) [1] .
- Divine wisdom . In the Qur'an, the word hukm means Divine wisdom [2] or Divine sentence (decision) [3] . In this sense, divine wisdom extends to the instructions in the Qur'an and the Sunnah , thereby making them binding . Such a hukm may be the basis for making fatwas [1] .
- Establishment or indication . The designation of the ruler or authority, which becomes mandatory for subordinate persons [1] .
- Hukm al-ijtihadi . A decision on a legal issue, developed on the basis of legal sources or free judgment [1] .
- Logical judgment . Part of the logical figure in the general formula of judgment by analogy [1] .
- General rule or setting . In the scientific literature, the term hukm is widely used in the meaning of a rule or establishment, for example, “Rules of government” ( al-Ahkam as-sultaniya ) [1] .
Notes
Literature
- Bogolyubov A.S. Hookm // Islam: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Otv. ed. S. M. Prozorov . - M .: Science ,GDVL , 1991 . - S. 282. - ISBN 5-02-016941-2 .
- Ḥukm // Encyclopaedia of Islam . 2 ed . - Leiden: EJ Brill , 1960-2005. (paid)
- Maverdii constitutiones politicae. Ex recensione M. Engeri Accedunt adnotationis et glossarium. - Bonnae, 1853.
- M. Taki al-Hakim. al-Usul al-amma lil-fiqh al-mukaran. - Beirut, 1963 .-- S. 321.