Arthur Hollie Kompton ( Eng. Arthur Holly Compton ; September 10, 1892 - March 15, 1962 ) - American physicist , Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 .
| Arthur Holly Compton | |
|---|---|
| English Arthur holly compton | |
 | |
| Birth name | |
| Date of Birth | September 10, 1892 |
| Place of Birth | Worcester , Ohio |
| Date of death | March 15, 1962 (69 years) |
| Place of death | Berkeley california |
| A country |  USA |
| Scientific field | atomic physics |
| Place of work | University of Chicago Washington University in St. Louis |
| Alma mater | Princeton university |
| supervisor | Richardson, Owen Wilians H. Lester Cooke |
| Famous students | Winston Bostic Robert Sherwood Shankland |
| Known as | Compton effect Compton wavelength |
| Awards and prizes | Rumford Prize (1926)  Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 Matteucci Medal (1930) Guthrie Medal and Prize (1935) Hughes Medal (1940) Franklin Medal (1940) Richtmyer Memorial Prize (1941) Washington Prize (1945) |
| Signature | |
Born in , Ohio , USA .
C 1918 engaged in the study of X-rays , developed low-pressure sodium lamps.
In 1921, he suggested that the electron can rotate around its axis (has a spin ) and, in fact, is an electromagnet.
In 1922, he discovered and gave a theoretical justification for the effect of changing the wavelength of X-rays due to scattering of matter by electrons, which proved the existence of a photon . For this discovery Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize.
In 1931, the study of cosmic rays on Mount Evans in Colorado was due to the fact that the highest asphalt road in the USA was built there, along which it was easy to carry necessary equipment to the top (4348 meters) [1] .
In 1941 - 1942 he worked on the creation of the American atomic bomb .
Content
Biography
Arthur Compton was born on September 10, 1892 in Worcester ( Ohio , USA ) into the family of Elias Compton and Hotels and Catherine (nee Augspurger), which in 1939 was named “American Mother of the Year” [2] [3] . Arthur had two older brothers: Carl Taylor (1887–1954) and Wilson Martindale (1890–1967), as well as his sister, Mary. The family was strongly associated with science: Elias was a dean at the University of Worcester (later - College of Worcester ), in which all three brothers studied. In 1912, Karl received his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University , and later, from 1930 to 1948, was president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Wilson received his PhD degree in economics in Princeton in 1916, and from 1944 to 1951 he was president of Washington State College (later Washington State University ) [4] . Karl, Wilson and Arthur became members of the Alpha Tau Omega student society [5] . In addition, they became the first three brothers who received their Ph.D. degrees in Princeton, and later the first three brothers who simultaneously headed American universities [4] . Mary married a missionary , Herbert Rice, who became the director of the Christian College of them. Foreman in Lahore ( Pakistan ) [6] .
Originally Arthur was interested in astronomy , and even took pictures of Halley's Comet in 1910 [7] . Around 1913, he described an experiment in which, based on a study of the movement of water in a toroidal tube, he confirmed the rotation of the Earth [8] . In the same year, he graduated from the University of Worcester with a bachelor of science degree and entered Princeton. In 1914, he received a Master of Arts degree [9] and continued his postgraduate studies under the guidance of Hereward L. Cook. In 1916, he defended his thesis on the topic "The intensity of the reflection of X-rays and the distribution of electrons in atoms" [10] . In June 1916, Arthur married Betty Charity McKlozky, a classmate of Worcester and Princeton [6] . Their family had two sons, Arthur Alan and John Joseph [11] .
In 1920-1923 he was a professor of physics at the University of Washington in St. Louis [12] . Since 1923 - Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago. At the end of World War II, Compton returned to St. Louis to take the post of chancellor at the University of Washington [13] .
Memory
In 1970, the International Astronomical Union assigned the name Arthur Compton to the crater on the far side of the moon .
Bibliography
- Compton AH A Laboratory Method for Demonstrating the Earth's Rotation (Engl.) // Science. - 1913. - Vol. 37, no. 960 . - P. 803-806. - ISSN 0036-8075 . - DOI : 10.1126 / science.37.960.803 . - . - PMID 17838837 . -
- Compton, Arthur. X-Rays and Electrons: An Outline of Recent X-Ray Theory. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1926.
- Compton, Arthur. The Freedom of Man. - New Haven: Yale University Press, 1935.
- Compton, Arthur; with Allison, SK X-Rays in Theory and Experiment. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc ..
- Compton, Arthur. The Human Meaning of Science. - Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1940.
- Compton, Arthur. Man's Destiny in Eternity. - Boston: Beacon Press, 1949.
- Compton, Arthur. Atomic Quest. - New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.
- Compton, Arthur. The Cosmos of Arthur Holly Compton. - New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967.
- Compton AH The Cosmos of Arthur Holly Compton . - Alfred A. Knopf, 1968. - 468 p. - (Borzoi Book). - ISBN 978-1299576230 .
- Compton, Arthur. Scientific Papers of Arthur Holly Compton. - Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. - ISBN 978-0-226-11430-9 .
Notes
- ↑ Ben Fogelberg and Steve Greenstead. Walking Into Colorado's Past: 50% Range Hours - Mount Evans: A Peak with a Past . - P. 119-112.
- ↑ Robotti, Leone, 2007 .
- ↑ Mothers of the Year . American Mothers (2014). The date of circulation is October 20, 2014. Archived March 23, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Compton, 1967 , p. 425.
- 1920 The 1920's: Roaring Parties and Great Depressions (English) . The Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity Chapter . Digication. The appeal date is October 20, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Allison, 1965 , p. 82
- ↑ Compton, 1967 , pp. 11–12.
- ↑ Compton, 1913 .
- ↑ Arthur H. Compton - Biographical (English) . The Nobel Foundation (2014). The appeal date is October 20, 2014.
- ↑ Arthur Holly Compton (English) . Notre Dame Physics Academic Genealogy . University of Notre Dame. The appeal date is October 20, 2014.
- ↑ Allison, 1965 , p. 94.
- ↑ Arthur H. Compton (English) . John Simon Guggenheim Foundation . gf.org. The appeal date is April 4, 2019.
- ↑ Arthur Holly Compton . Washington University in St. Louis wustl.edu Archived March 7, 2012.
Literature
- Khramov Yu. A. Compton Arthur Holly (Compton Arthur Holly) // Physics: A Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Science , 1983. - p. 138. - 400 p. - 200 000 copies (in the lane)
- Allison SK Arthur Holly Compton // Biographical Memoirs. - Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1965. - Vol. 38. - P. 81-110.
- Allison SK Arthur Holly Compton, Research Physicist (eng.) // Science. - 1962. - Vol. 138, no. 3542 . - P. 794-797. - ISSN 0036-8075 . - DOI : 10.1126 / science.138.3542.794 .
- Gamow G. Thirty Years of the Quantum Theory. - New York: Dover Publications, 1985. - 224 p. - ISBN 0-486-24895-X .
- Hewlett RG, Anderson OE The New World: 1939/1946 . - University Park: Pennsylvania State University, 1962. - 766 p. - (A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Vol. 1). - ISBN 978-0-271-73085-1 .
- Robotti N., Leone M. Compton, Arthur Holly // The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers / Ed. by TA Hockey. - New York: Springer, 2007. - p. 244-245. - ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0 .