Abu al-Khuzayl Muhammad ibn al-Khuzayl al-Allaf ( Arabic: أبو الهذيل العلاف ; 752 , Basra - 840 , Samarra ) - the largest representative of the Basrian school of mutazilites (Khuzaylites), a polemicist. Laid the foundations of Mutazilite philosophy.
| Abu l-Huzail al-Allaf | |
|---|---|
| Arab. أبو الهذيل العلاف | |
| personal information | |
| Birth name | Muhammad ibn al-Husayl al-Allaf |
| Profession, occupation | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth |
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| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | |
| Religion | and |
| Father | al-huzail |
| Theological activity | |
| Direction of activity | and |
| pupils | and |
| Influenced | mutazilites |
Content
Biography
Abu al-Husayl al-Allaf was born in Basra in 749 or 753. Since 818 he lived in Baghdad. His teacher was Usman ibn Khalid at-Tawil - a famous Mutazilite preacher. Among his students were Abu Yakub al-Shahkham (d. 880), Abu Usman al-Adami and the Caliph al-Mamun , in whose reign a number of provisions of the mutazilites were included in the system of state religion [2] . He was close to the Abbasid caliphs, especially al-Mamun (reigned 813–833), who included in the state-supported doctrine a number of theological principles of mutazilism [3] .
He died in 841 or 849 in Samarra [2] .
Theology
Abu-al-Khuzayl al-Allaf is the author of 50 to 60 works, none of which have survived. His works were predominantly polemic in nature and were directed both against other religions and against various Islamic movements (Mushabbikhits, anthropomorphists , Jabarites, fatalists, Hashavites, literalists, Murjites , etc.). The views of Abul-Khuzayl were criticized not only by Sunni theologians, but also by the mutazilites of other schools ( Jafar ibn Harb , al-Nazzam and others). He debated a lot with Zoroastrians, Manichaeans, dualists ( Salih ibn Abdul-Quddus ), Shiites ( Hisham ibn al-Hakam ) [2] .
Opponents of Abul al-Khuzayl al-Allaf considered his doctrine of the divine attributes consistent with the teachings of the natural philosophers of antiquity. According to al-Shahrastani, the divine attributes in the understanding of Abul-Khuzayl are the same as the hypostases of Christians. He introduced into Mutazilian theology the concept of the incident of bodies and the atom (jauhar) [2] .
The Mutazilite tradition attributes al-Allaf to the development of the “five principles” common to all mutazilites, which serve as a criterion for their identification:
- The "unity" of God;
- divine "justice";
- the obligation for God to fulfill His “promise and threat”;
- qualification of a Muslim who committed a serious sin;
- “The command of good and the prohibition of evil” [3] .
Al-Allaf was probably the first mutazilite to defend the assertion of the existence of a limit of divisibility of bodies, that is, of the existence of an atom (finitism). He believed that the minimum body consists of six atoms, two of which form a "length", two - "width", and two - "height" [4] . Following Jahm ibn Safwan, he believed the finiteness of the world in the future, and with him Paradise and Hell. According to some reports, al-Allaf adhered to a pro-Jewish orientation [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 119218143 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Islam: ES, 1991 , p. 12.
- ↑ 1 2 3 T. Ibrahim, 2010 .
- ↑ Matvievskaya G.P. , Rosenfeld B.A. Abu-l-Khuzayl al-Allaf // Mathematicians and astronomers of the Muslim Middle Ages and their works (VIII-XVII centuries) / Otv. ed. Yushkevich A.P. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- Prince. 2. Mathematicians and astronomers whose lifetime is known. - S. 36 .-- 650 p. - 2000 copies.
Literature
- Prozorov S. M. Abul-Khuzayl al-Allaf // Islam: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Otv. ed. S. M. Prozorov . - M .: Science , GDVL , 1991 - S. 12. - ISBN 5-02-016941-2 .
- Allaf / T. Ibrahim // New Philosophical Encyclopedia : in 4 volumes / before. scientific - ed. Council V. S. Styopin . - 2nd ed., Corr. and add. - M .: Thought , 2010 .-- 2816 p.