Musa Chelebi

Musa Celebi was the son of Ottoman Sultan Bayazid of Lightning ( 1389 - 1402 ) and Devlet Shah Hatun. In July 1402, Musa Chelyabi accompanied his father, Bayazid, during the battle of Ankara with the Central Asian emir Tamerlane . The battle of Angora ended in the crushing defeat of the Ottoman army. Tamerlan , defeating the enemy’s flanks, completely surrounded the main forces of the Turkish army. Sultan Bayazid Lightning , bravely defending, was taken prisoner and died the next year.

Together with him, one of his sons, Musa, was captured.

After the victory at Ankara, Tamerlane conquered and devastated all Ottoman possessions in Asia Minor (Anatolia). At the end of 1403, Timur left Anatolia, returning the beyliks of Aydin , Hermiyan , Karaman and a number of other independent areas in the past, which later became part of the Ottoman state . Part of the Ottoman possessions Tamerlane left for the Osman dynasty, dividing it between the sons of Bayezid . Suleiman Chelebi was entrenched in Edirne and began to rule Rumelia (Northern Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Thrace). Mehmed Chelebi began to rule in Amasya , and Isa Chelebi - in Bursa . Tamerlane handed over the captive Prince Musa to the upbringing of the Germanic Bey Yakub ( 1402-1411 ). Later, Mehmed Chelebi forced the emir Germiyan to hand over to him Musa, who began to live at the court of his brother in Amasya .

An internecine struggle for supreme power began between the brothers Suleiman , Isa and Mehmed. Isa opposed Suleiman , but suffered a series of defeats and in 1405 was killed. Then the war began between Suleiman and Mehmed over the Anatolian possessions.

In 1409, on the instructions of his brother Mehmed, Musa went to the Balkans to unleash a fight against Suleiman there . On the ship Musa sailed from Sinop and arrived in Wallachia, where he was received by the local ruler Mircea the Old. Valashsky ruler Mircea I Old agreed to provide military assistance to Musa in the struggle for power, and even married his daughter to him. In the same year 1409, Musa елelebi crossed the Danube with the Wallachian army and invaded Suleiman’s Rumelian possessions. At first, Musa laid siege to the Byzantine fortress of Messembria, but could not take it. In mid-February, Musa won a battle in Yambol over a part of Suleiman's troops and captured Gallipoli. Meanwhile, Sultan Suleiman Chelebi , who was then in Anatolia, with his army crossed over to the Balkans. In June 1410, Suleiman defeated Musa’s forces in the Battle of Cosmidion. Serbian allied princes betrayed Musa and went over to the side of his older brother. However, the position of Suleiman himself was fragile. Due to long hard drinking and inertia in public affairs, Suleiman lost credibility with his entourage and in the army. Musa began to agitate against Suleiman 's provisant policy and called on the Turks to "protect the faith." The commanders of Suleiman began to gradually leave him going over to the side of Musa.

At the beginning of 1411, Musa елelebi moved to Edirne with a new army, from where his brother Suleiman attempted to flee. While trying to find refuge in Constantinople, Suleiman Chelebi was overtaken and killed. Musa entered Edirne and occupied the sultan's throne.

Having established himself on the throne, Sultan Musa елelebi undertook a major devastating campaign against Serbia . From Serbia, Musa moved to the Byzantine city of Thessaloniki and took it by storm. The defense involved the son of the late Suleiman - Orhan. When he was captured, he was blinded. Ottoman Turks seized Byzantine castles on the river. Strymon Musa undertook a campaign against Northern Greece, where he captured the Byzantine vicar John Palaeologus.

In 1411, Musa елelebi, gathering large forces, approached Constantinople and laid siege to the city . The Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus turned to Mehmed медelebi , brother of Musa, who had subordinated most of the Ottoman possessions in Anatolia for help. In 1412, the Byzantine fleet helped the army of Mehmed to cross over to the European coast. Several clashes did not bring success to any of the opponents, and Mehmed retreated back to Anatolia . Soon, Mehmed Chelebi formed an alliance with the prince of Serbia and resumed the fight against Musa. He succeeded in secretly attracting to his side some of the dignitaries and military leaders of Musa. The Turkish governor in Thessaly openly sided with Mehmed .

In 1413, Mehmed Chelebi landed with an army in Thrace, where he was joined by some of the great dignitaries and military leaders of Musa. Mehmed Chelebi with the army moved on Edirne , but the capital garrison refused to surrender. Mehmed united with the Serbian prince and went against Musa to Macedonia . In July 1413, in a battle on the Maritsa River, Musa елelebi suffered a complete defeat, lost an arm in a battle, and fled to Wallachia , where he was soon overtaken by death. According to other sources, Musa was captured and slain by the order of his brother Mehmed . After the death (or death) of Musa елelebi, his brother Mehmed united under his rule the Asia Minor and Balkan possessions of the Ottoman state .

• Petrosyan Yu. A. Ottoman Empire. Power and death. - M .: "Science", 1990. - p. 29-30. - ISBN 5-02-017026-7 .