Lenin Prize

On June 23, 1925, by order of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars , prizes named after V.I. Lenin were instituted, which from 1926 to 1935 were awarded for scientific works "in order to encourage scientific activity in the direction closest to the ideas of V.I. Lenin , namely in the direction of the close connection of science and life . ”

On August 15, 1956, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution ^{[1] to} restore the Prizes named after V.I. Lenin and to award them annually on the birthday of V.I. Lenin - April 22 . In 1957, the Lenin Prizes were restored for outstanding scientific works, architectural and technical constructions, inventions introduced into the national economy, technological processes, etc .; Lenin Prizes for outstanding works of literature and art were also instituted. In March 1960, the Lenin Prizes in the field of journalism and journalism were established.

Since 1957 , Lenin Prizes have been awarded annually to the birthday of V.I. Lenin (with the exception of 1958 and 1966 ), and since 1967 - once every 2 years, for even years. Quite often handed so-called. “Closed” or “secret” Lenin Prizes (mainly for work related to the defense of the country; orders for their award were not published). In these cases, the “once every 2 years” rule might not apply (see list of winners).

Initially awarded 42 prizes. Since 1961, according to the regulations, up to 76 prizes could be awarded annually. Of these, up to 60 were awarded by the Committee on Lenin Prizes in the field of science and technology and up to 16 by the Committee on Lenin Prizes in the field of science and art under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1967, this number of prizes was reduced to 30. Laureates were awarded a diploma, a gold chest medal and a cash prize.

In the period 1956 - 1967, the Lenin Prize was the only state premium of the highest level, so the number of its laureates was great. In 1967, the USSR State Prize was established, which became less prestigious, thereby raising the level of the Lenin Prize. Diplomas of the Stalin Prizes , awarded from 1941 to 1953, were replaced by the corresponding diplomas of the USSR State Prizes.

According to the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of September 9, 1966 ^[2] , 30 Lenin Prizes were awarded once every 2 years (including 25 in science and technology, 5 in literature, art, architecture). In 1970, an award was additionally established for works of literature and art for children (resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of March 26, 1969 ^[3] ).

The regulation on Lenin Prizes was approved by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on February 17, 1967 ^[4] . The situation determined the circle of state, public and scientific organizations that were granted the right to nominate works for the Lenin Prizes: the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Academies of Sciences of the Union Republics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, All-Union Agricultural Academy named after V.I. Lenin, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, scientific and engineering societies, colleges of ministries of the USSR and union republics, state committees of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and union republics, committees under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Presidium of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions , the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League , boards of unions of writers, artists, composers, architects, cinematographers, journalists of the USSR, the Presidium of the Academy of Arts of the USSR, republican theater societies, research, design and engineering organizations, publishers, editorial boards of newspapers and magazines, team meetings, etc. dpriyaty, institutions and organizations. Scientific works, works of literature, art and architecture, printed (publicly executed, constructed) no later than 1 year before the deadline for submitting candidates, and work in the field of technology and production after their introduction into the national economy, could be nominated for Lenin Prizes.

Works awarded the USSR State Prize were not nominated for the Lenin Prize. The simultaneous nomination of the same work for the Lenin and State Prizes of the USSR was also not allowed.

Consideration of works submitted for the Lenin Prize, and decision-making on the award of prizes was carried out by the Lenin and State Prize Committees of the USSR under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. The decisions of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Councils of Ministers of the USSR on the award of the Lenin Prize were published in the press on the birthday of V. I. Lenin. Persons who received the Lenin Prize were awarded the title "Laureate of the Lenin Prize", a diploma, an honorary sign and a certificate were awarded. Repeated Lenin Prizes were not awarded ^[5] .

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  Lenin Prize winners Maya Plisetskaya , Nikolai Cherkasov , Alexander Deineka , Vasily Peskov and Mstislav Rostropovich , 1964

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  Certificate of the Lenin Prize Laureate, 1962

• International Lenin Prize "For the consolidation of peace between peoples"
• Lenin Komsomol Prize
• Honorary titles of the USSR
• State Prize of the Russian Federation
• Grand Prix of Jan Myrdal - Lenin Prize

• Lenin Prizes // Kuna - Lomami. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 14).
• Yanyshev (Sarsembaev) A. S. State bonus in the domestic public-rewarding mechanism: the emergence, formation and development until 1991 // Bulletin of the Ural Institute of Finance and Law. No. 3 (5). 2016