Worldview - a system of views, assessments and figurative representations of the world and a person’s place in it, the general attitude of a person to the surrounding reality and to himself, as well as the basic life positions of people, their beliefs, ideals, principles of knowledge and activity, value orientations [ 1] [2] . The worldview gives human activity an organized, meaningful and focused character. What is the position of "I", such is the perception of the world, notes J.-P. Sartre .
Content
Term History
The term worldview is of German origin. Immanuel Kant was the first to mention him, but he does not distinguish him from the world outlook. In the Phenomenology of the Spirit of George Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel , the notion of a “moral worldview” ( German Die moralische Weltanschauung ) is included in the title. The term takes on modern meaning from William Schelling [3] . Dilthey singles out the worldview as a special topic. The title of his work "The World View of Modern Physics" ("Die Weltanschauung der modernen Physik", Lpz., 1902) is introduced by the world view of Eduard von Hartmann . The term fell into Russian as tracing paper (no later than 1902 [4] ). However, in Soviet times, the concept of worldview became the main one for understanding philosophy. On the "monistic worldview" writes V. I. Lenin in " Philosophical notebooks ." Already in 1923 it was used by A. M. Deborin ( Ludwig Feuerbach. Personality and worldview ).
Types of Worldview
Allocate an ordinary worldview, scientific, philosophical, religious. From the point of view of the historical process, the following leading historical types of worldview are distinguished: mythological, religious and philosophical.
Mythological
The mythological type of worldview is defined as the totality of ideas that were formed in a primitive society on the basis of a figurative perception of the world. Mythology is related to paganism and is a collection of myths, which is characterized by spiritualization and anthropomorphization of material objects and phenomena.
The mythological worldview combines the sacred (secret, magical) with the profane (public). Based on faith.
Religious
Religious worldview ( lat. Religare - reunite) is based on belief in supernatural powers. Religions, in contrast to the more flexible myth, are characterized by rigid dogmatism and a well-developed system of moral commandments. Religion disseminates and supports images of correct, moral behavior. Religion is also very important in uniting people, but here its role is twofold: uniting people of the same faith, it often separates people of different faiths.
Philosophical
The philosophical worldview is defined as a system-theoretical. The main difference between a philosophical worldview and mythology is the high role of reason: if a myth is based on emotions and feelings, then philosophy is primarily on logic and evidence.
Philosophy - ( φιλία - love, aspiration, thirst + σοφία - wisdom → other Greek. Φιλοσοφία (literally: love of wisdom)) is one of the forms of worldview [5] , as well as one of the forms of human activity and a special way of cognition [ 6] , theory [7] or science [8] . Philosophy as a discipline studies the most general essential characteristics and fundamental principles of reality (being) and cognition, human being, the relationship between man and the world [5] [9] .
Philosophy (as a special type of social consciousness , or worldview) arose simultaneously in Ancient Greece , Ancient India and Ancient China in the so-called “ Axial time ”, from where it subsequently spread throughout the world.
See also
- Scientific picture of the world
- Concept space
- Worldview
- Attitude
- Outlook
- Paradigm shift
Notes
- ↑ What is philosophy // Introduction to philosophy. Textbook manual for universities / Auth. Coll .: Frolov I.T. et al. - 3rd ed., revised. and add. - M .: Republic , 2003.
- ↑ L. F. Ilyichev , P. N. Fedoseev , S. M. Kovalev , V. G. Panov . Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1983. - S. 375-376. - 840 s.
- ↑ Nekrasova N.A., Nekrasov S.I. Worldview as an object of philosophical reflection // Modern high technology. - 2005. - No. 6. - S. 20-23.
- ↑ V.I. Vernadsky . On the scientific worldview. 1902.
- ↑ 1 2 Ivanov A.V. Philosophy // Around the World
- ↑ Philosophy // The latest philosophical dictionary. / Ed. A.A. Gritsanova . - 3rd ed., Rev. - Mn.: Book House. 2003 .-- 1280 s. - (World of Encyclopedias).
- ↑ Philosophy // Philosophical Dictionary
- ↑ Philosophy - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ Philosophy // Columbia Encyclopedia
Literature
- In Russian
- Belyaev I.A. Man and his worldview. Communication 1. World attitude and worldview // Political Internet electronic scientific journal of the Kuban State Agrarian University (Scientific journal KubSAU). - Krasnodar: KubSAU , 2011. - No. 09 (73). S. 310-319.
- Bogomolov A. S., Oyzerman T. I. Fundamentals of the theory of historical and philosophical process. M., 1983.
- Born M. Reflections and memoirs of a physicist. M., 1971.
- Broglie L. The revolution in physics. M., 1965.
- Dilthey V. Types of worldview and their detection in metaphysical systems. - In Sat: New Ideas in Philosophy, No. 1. SPb., 1912.
- Mitrokhin L. N. Philosophy of religion. M., 1995.
- Scheler M. Philosophical worldview. // Scheler M. Selected Works. M., 1994.
- In other languages
- Jaspers K. Psychologic der Weltanschauungen. Lpz., 1919.
- Wenzl A. Wissenschaft und Weltanschauung. Lpz., 1936.