Hazard summaries (H-phrases, hazard characteristics, hazard warnings, Hazard statements ) are standardized warnings about the nature or degree of hazard established in the framework of a globally harmonized system for the classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS) [1] . Warnings are used as a set of standard phrases to briefly describe common hazards encountered when working with chemicals . In 2011, the list of warnings was republished in the fourth revised edition of the GHS [2] .
Content
Codification Principle
Brief characteristics of the danger are assigned a code of the form H xyy , where the letter H is a general brief description of the danger, the figure x indicates the type of danger (2 - physical danger, 3 - danger to human health, 4 - danger to the environment), and with the help of two the figures yy are sequentially numbered specific hazards arising from the inherent properties of the chemical substance [1] .
List of H-phrases
Physical hazard.
| Phrase code | Explanation of the phrase |
|---|---|
| H200 | Unstable explosive |
| H201 | Explosive; mass explosion hazard |
| H202 | Explosive; significant spreading hazard |
| H203 | Explosive; fire, explosion or scatter hazard |
| H204 | Fire or scatter hazard |
| H205 | The possibility of an explosion mass under the action of fire |
| H206 | Fire, danger of scattering and explosion; increased risk of explosion with reduced desensitizing agent |
| H207 | Danger of fire or scattering; increased risk of explosion with reduced desensitizing agent |
| H208 | Fire hazard; increased risk of explosion with reduced desensitizing agent |
| H220 | Flammable gas |
| H221 | Flammable gas |
| H222 | Flammable aerosols |
| H223 | Flammable aerosols |
| H224 | Extremely flammable liquid and vapor |
| H225 | Flammable liquid and vapor |
| H226 | Flammable liquid and vapor |
| H227 | Flammable liquid |
| H228 | Flammable solid |
| H229 | Balloon under pressure: explosion may occur when heated |
| H230 | An explosion can occur even if there is no air. |
| H231 | An explosion can occur even in the absence of air at elevated pressure and / or temperature. |
| H232 | May spontaneously ignite on contact with air. |
| H240 | Explosion may occur when heated |
| H241 | When heated, an explosion or fire may occur. |
| H242 | Fire may cause a fire. |
| H250 | Spontaneous fire in the open air |
| H251 | Self-heating substances; probability of fire |
| H252 | Self-heating substances in large quantities; probability of fire |
| H260 | Contact with water gives off flammable gases, which can spontaneously ignite. |
| H261 | Contact with water gives off flammable gas. |
| H270 | May cause or intensify burning; oxidizing agent |
| H271 | May cause fire and explosion; strong oxidizer |
| H272 | May intensify burning; oxidizing agent |
| H280 | Contains gas under pressure; explosion may occur when heated |
| H281 | Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury |
| H290 | May be corrosive to metals. |
Human health hazards
| Phrase code | Explanation of the phrase |
|---|---|
| H300 | Fatal if swallowed |
| H301 | Toxic if swallowed. |
| H302 | Harmful if swallowed. |
| H303 | May be harmful if swallowed. |
| H304 | May be fatal if swallowed and inhaled. |
| H305 | May be harmful if swallowed and inhaled. |
| H310 | Fatal on skin contact |
| H311 | Toxic in contact with skin. |
| H312 | Harmful in contact with skin. |
| H313 | May be harmful if in contact with skin. |
| H314 | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. |
| H315 | Causes skin irritation. |
| H316 | Causes mild skin irritation. |
| H317 | May cause an allergic skin reaction. |
| H318 | Causes serious eye damage. |
| H319 | Causes serious eye irritation. |
| H320 | Irritating to eyes. |
| H330 | Mortal by inhalation |
| H331 | Toxic by inhalation. |
| H332 | Harmful if inhaled |
| H333 | May be harmful if inhaled. |
| H334 | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. |
| H335 | May cause respiratory irritation. |
| H336 | May cause drowsiness or dizziness. |
| H340 | May cause genetic defects (*) |
| H341 | Suspected of causing genetic defects (*) |
| H350 | May cause cancer (*) |
| H351 | Suspected of causing cancer (**) |
| H360 | May damage fertility or fetus (***) (**) |
| H361 | Suspected of damaging fertility or fetus (***) (**) |
| H362 | May cause harm to babies. |
| H370 | Causes damage to organs (****) (**) |
| H371 | May cause damage to organs (****) (**) |
| H372 | Causes damage to organs (****) as a result of prolonged or repeated exposure (**) |
| H373 | May cause damage to organs (****) due to prolonged or repeated exposure (**) |
| * | indicate the route of exposure if it is clearly shown that no other routes of exposure cause such a danger |
| ** | state the route of exposure if it is explicitly proven that no other route of exposure causes such a danger |
| *** | state specific impact if known |
| **** | or list all affected organs, if known |
Environmental Hazards
| Phrase code | Explanation of the phrase |
|---|---|
| H400 | Very toxic to aquatic organisms. |
| H401 | Toxic to aquatic organisms. |
| H402 | Harmful to aquatic organisms. |
| H410 | Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
| H411 | Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
| H412 | Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
| H413 | May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. |
| H420 | Damages human health and the environment by destroying the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere |
Combinations of H-phrases
| Phrase code | Explanation of the phrase |
|---|---|
| H300 + H310 | Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin. |
| H300 + H330 | Fatal if swallowed or inhaled |
| H310 + H330 | Fatal if in contact with skin or if inhaled |
| H300 + H310 + H330 | Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled |
| H301 + H311 | Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin. |
| H301 + H331 | Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled. |
| H311 + H331 | Toxic in contact with skin or if inhaled. |
| H301 + H311 + H331 | Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled. |
| H302 + H312 | Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin. |
| H302 + H332 | Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled. |
| H312 + H332 | Harmful in contact with skin or if inhaled. |
| H302 + H312 + H332 | Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled. |
| H303 + H313 | May be dangerous if swallowed or in contact with skin. |
| H303 + H333 | May be dangerous if swallowed or if inhaled. |
| H313 + H333 | May be dangerous if in contact with skin or if inhaled. |
| H303 + H313 + H333 | May be dangerous if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled. |
| H315 + H320 | Irritating to skin and eyes. |
Other hazards of H-phrases as per EU specification (EUH)
| Phrase code | Explanation of the phrase |
|---|---|
| EUH 001 | In the dry state it is explosive. |
| EUH 006 | Explosion hazard with or without contact with air. |
| EUH 014 | Reacts violently with water. |
| EUH 018 | During use, flammable / explosive vapor / air mixtures may form. |
| EUH 019 | May form explosive peroxides. |
| EUH 044 | Danger of explosion when heated in confined spaces. |
| EUH 029 | Contact with water produces toxic gas. |
| EUH 031 | Contact with acids releases toxic gas. |
| EUH 032 | Contact with acids releases a very toxic gas. |
| EUH 066 | Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. |
| EUH 070 | Toxic in contact with eyes. |
| EUH 071 | Irritating to respiratory system. |
| EUH 059 | Dangerous to the ozone layer. |
| EUH 201 | Contains lead. It is forbidden to use on surfaces that children can take in their mouths. |
| EUH 201A | Attention! Contains lead. |
| EUH 202 | Cyanoacrylate. Danger! Within a few seconds, it will cling to the skin and eyes. Keep out of the reach of children. |
| EUH 203 | contains chromium (VI). May cause an allergic reaction. |
| EUH 204 | Contains isocyanates. May cause an allergic reaction. |
| EUH 205 | Contains epoxy constituents. May cause an allergic reaction. |
| EUH 206 | A warning! Do not use with other products. May release hazardous gases (chlorine). |
| EUH 207 | Attention! Contains Cadmium! Dangerous vapors are formed during use. See information provided by the manufacturer. Follow safety instructions. |
| EUH 208 | Contains (name of sensitizing substance). May cause allergic reactions. |
| EUH 209 | May become very flammable when used. |
| EUH 209A | May become flammable when used. |
| EUH 210 | Safety data sheet available on request. |
| EUH 401 | In order to avoid danger to human health and the environment, follow the instructions for use. |
See also
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
- Precautions (P-phrases)
- Danger pictograms
- Risk phrases (R-phrases)
- Security Phrases (S-Phrases)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Appendix 3. Codification of brief hazard characteristics, codification and use of precautionary measures and examples of warning pictograms . The date of circulation is February 26, 2013. Archived on March 23, 2013.
- ↑ GHS (Rev.4) (2011) - UNECE . The date of circulation is February 26, 2013. Archived on March 23, 2013.