Encephalartos [2] , outdated. Encephalart [3] ( lat. Encephalartos ) is a genus of Zamiace family of cycads ( Zamiaceae ), common in equatorial and southern Africa .
| Encephalartos | |||||||||||||||||
 Prickly Encephalartos ( Encephalartos trispinosus ) in the , Brussels | |||||||||||||||||
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Encephalartos Lehm. , 1834 | |||||||||||||||||
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Cycas caffra Thunb. (1775) [1] = Encephalartos caffer ( Thunb. ) Lehm. (1834) | |||||||||||||||||
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In an evolutionary sense, it is one of the most primitive gymnosperms . Under natural conditions, they grow in open places, are found in savannas , on coastal sandy slopes, some species have settled in mountain forests.
Content
Botanical description
Slow-growing dioecious palm-like low plants, with thick trunks or without trunks.
Large leaves grow mutually from the top of the shoot, or straight from the ground. Leaves of pinnatisect form leathery, hard. The leaf blades are linear epileptic, often spiky, sometimes serrated and spiky or covered with hairs. There are thorns on the petioles. New leaves appear after two or three years.
Male and female cone-shaped inflorescences are placed in the center of the rosettes of leaves. Male cones are usually cylindrical, female - ovoid.
Meaning and application
The core of some species has traditionally been used to produce a starchy sago product used as food instead of bread by local tribes.
Currently, the nutritional value of the plant is lost, many species are cultivated as ornamental plants, some as indoor.
All species in the wild are endangered.
Types
According to the information of The Plant List database (as of July 2016), the genus includes 68 species [4] , some of which are:
- Encephalartos altensteinii Lehm. - Altenstein Encephalartos
- Encephalartos arenarius radyer
- Encephalartos barteri Carruth. ex Miq. - Encephalartos Barter
- Encephalartos caffer ( Thunb. ) Lehm. typus [1] - Encephalarthos Kaffir
- Encephalartos concinnus RADyer & Verdoorn
- Encephalartos cupidus RADyer - Encephalartos devotee
- Encephalartos cycadifolius ( Jacq. ) Lehm.
- Encephalartos ghellinckii Lehm.
- Encephalartos gratus Prain - Noble Encephalartos
- Encephalartos horridus ( Jacq. ) Lehm. - Encephalartos bristling
- Encephalartos inopinus radyer
- Encephalartos lebomboensis Verd. - Encephalartos Lebombsky
- Encephalartos middelburgensis vorster
- Encephalartos sclavoi De Luca , DWStev. & A.Moretti - Encephalartos Sclavo
- Encephalartos trispinosus ( Hook. ) RADyer - Spiny Encephalartos
- Encephalartos villosus Lem. - Encephalartos hairy
- Encephalartos whitelockii pjhurter
- Encephalartos woodii Sander - Encephalartos Wood
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Information about the genus Encephalartos (English) in the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) .
- ↑ Grushvitsky, Chavchavadze, 1978 .
- ↑ Rostovtsev, 1904 .
- ↑ Encephalartos (English) . The Plant List . Version 1.1. (2013). The appeal date is July 27, 2016.
Literature
- I. V. Grushvitsky , E. S. Chavchavadze . Zamioideae subfamily (Zamioideae) // Plant Life : 6 t. / Ch. ed. Al A. Fedorov . - M .: Enlightenment , 1978. - V. 4: Mosses. Moons Horsetails Ferns Gymnosperms / ed. I. V. Grushvitsky and S. G. Zhilin. - 447 s. - 300 000 copies
- Rostovtsev S.I. Encephalart // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1904. - T. XLa.