Kryukov, Sergey Sergeevich

Sergey Sergeevich Kryukov was born in the city of Bakhchisaray, Tauride province in 1918 in the family of an employee S.F. Kryukov. In June 1926, the father suddenly dies in the 42nd year; 28-year-old Vera Mironovna survived her husband for two months. Eight-year-old Seryozha remains under the supervision of a cousin. After her death, with her aunt. But just three years after the death of her father, the aunt dies. An orphan is given to an orphanage, he runs, wanders.

1930-1936 - in the detention center of Mtsensk, another aunt finds the boy; Attempts to study in the Federal Law, ShKM. Moving to Leningrad; failure with admission to the capital MVTU im. Bauman. Departure to Stalingrad.

1936-1940 - studies at the Stalingrad Mechanical Institute (media). In 1940, switching to evening education, S. S. Kryukov began his career as a master of the barrel shop of the Barricades factory.

In August 1942, students were evacuated. Sergey arrives in Stalinsk (now Novokuznetsk ) at plant No. 526 ; he is again the master of the barrel shop. After 2 years, she will marry a media student, Raisa Vladimirova.

After another 2 years, in February 1946, Klimovsk was admitted to factory No. 711 ; arrives at MVTU . Already in April he was accepted as an engineer at NII-88 . Sent to Germany to study the documentation of captured German missiles. Returns to the city of Kaliningrad near Moscow at the head of a train with German specialists. In January 1947 he transferred to department No. 3 (chief - S. P. Korolev ) SKB-88, which is part of the Research Institute-88; a month later he was transferred from design engineers to senior engineers. In April of the same year, S. S. Kryukov defended a diploma in rocket science at the Moscow State Technical University (specialty - “artillery systems and installations”, qualification - “mechanical engineer”) ^[1] , and in September he was appointed head of the department’s group. Present at the tests of the first Russian missiles made on the basis of the V-2 . In addition, Kryukov was engaged in work on the Soviet version ( P-102 ) of the German missile Henschel Hs 117 Schmetterling . In 1951, all work on this missile was completed due to its lack of prospects and significant shortcomings (too slow and inaccurate).

In April 1950, on the basis of several departments of SKB-88, the Special Design Bureau No. 1 ( OKB-1 ) was formed under the leadership of Korolev. In June 1951, Kryukov was appointed head of the department of design department No. 3 of OKB-1, after 2 years he became deputy head of department No. 3. Already then, preliminary research began on the creation of the first intercontinental ballistic missile, which is known as the R-7. Simultaneously with the work, S. S. Kryukov graduated from the Higher Engineering Courses at MVTU, defending the project with excellent marks.

In 1956, the original version of the “seven” had to be redone due to insufficient capacity (3 tons with the required 6). In the same year, Kryukov occupied the position of head of department No. 3. For the design of long-range missiles R-5 and R-5M ^{[1] he} was awarded the Order of Lenin "for fulfilling the special task of the government." The first launch of the "seven" was carried out on May 17, 1957.

In December 1958, S. S. Kryukov by a closed decree of the Higher Attestation Commission awarded a scientific degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences (without Ph.D. protection), a year later he received the Lenin Prize for the design of R-7 ^[1] . In 1961, Kryukov was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor for creating models of new rocket technology and for ensuring manned flight into space; at the same time, on the proposal of S.P. Korolev, Kryukov was appointed deputy chief designer of OKB-1.

After the death of S. P. Korolyov and the subsequent reorganization of the enterprise, S. S. Kryukov submits an application to resign from the post of Deputy Chief Designer of TsKBEM to the position of head of department No. 3. Then he heads department No. 111.

After working at TsKBEM S. S. Kryukov transferred to the plant. S. A. Lavochkina First Deputy Chief Designer. After the death of George Babakin in June 1971, by order of the Minister of General Engineering, was appointed Chief Designer - First Deputy General Director of the plant named after S. A. Lavochkin (since 1974 - NPO named after S. A. Lavochkin ).

In 1971 he was awarded the Order of the October Revolution . In November 1976, the USSR State Prize for the development of automatic equipment for spacecraft.

In December 1977, by order of the Minister, he was transferred to NPO Energia to the post of First Deputy General Designer; in February 1982, at the age of 64, he applied for resignation “of his own free will”, state of health and age. Transferred by a senior research fellow to department No. 012.

In 1973, a new project was proposed - "5M". He focused on the heavy Proton rocket. But since this missile had insufficient carrying capacity for the mission, it was decided to organize a two-start scheme. The orbital module was the first to start, and then the lander. They docked in low Earth orbit and flew to the red planet in a bunch. In the orbit of Mars, OA performed a surface survey, choosing a location for the PA landing. After landing, soil samples (about 500 grams) were taken, placed in a takeoff rocket SA, and it started from Mars. PA remained to conduct further scientific research. In orbit, the take-off rocket docked with OA, the SA moved to the orbital module, the take-off rocket shot off, and the OA + SA ligament flew toward the Earth. In Earth’s orbit, the SA undocked and flew to Earth. The launch of two OA and two PA (four launches of Proton) was planned for November 1979, return to Earth after 3 years. The weight of the apparatus under the 5M project was 8700 kg.

In 1992, after the collapse of the USSR, Kryukov was registered as a scientific consultant of the department and after working for 4 years, he retired at his own request (in September 1996).

August 1, 2005 - a week before the 87th anniversary of a long illness, S. S. Kryukov died. He was buried in Moscow, at the Ostankino cemetery.

• Hero of Socialist Labor (1961);
• Two Orders of Lenin (1956, 1961);
• Order of the October Revolution (1971);
• Lenin Prize (1960);
• USSR State Prize (1976); ^[2]
• Anniversary medal “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ” (1970);
• Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" (1945);
• Anniversary medal “Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” (1975);
• Medal “Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” (1985).

Sergey Sergeyevich Kryukov is the least known person from the inner circle of Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov. Neither streets, nor scientific or industrial enterprises, nor space objects are named after him. Even among prominent figures and many employees of the rocket and space industry, Kryukov is mentioned as if “by the way.” He gave his one of the few interviews in 2002, for the cycle Mysteries of Forgotten Victories .

Sergey Sergeyevich Kryukov is dedicated to a documentary from the series “ The Empire of Korolev ” ( 2007 ) “The Project of Kryukov” (10th series).

• Sergey Kryukov’s childhood is very similar to the protagonist of the first Soviet sound film “A Trip to Life ”.
• In the late 90s, Kryukov said the following about the R-7 missile: “... It (the R-7“ seven ”missile) is not the most profitable, since all engines start at the start, but, despite all the disadvantages, it has a high, almost absolute reliability ... "

• The R-7 missile is the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile.
• Sergey Pavlovich Korolev - chief designer of the R-7 rocket.
• “ Mars-79 ” is Krukov’s project for the delivery of Martian soil.

• Kryukov, Sergey Sergeevich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".
• Sergey Sergeyevich Kryukov: about a comrade, leader, personality ... - Kaluga: FESTPRINT, 2008. - 176 p.
• Kryukov S. S. Selected works. - M: Publishing house of MSTU. Bauman, 2008 .-- 191 p.
• Kryukov S.S. Shine and eclipse of the lunar program. - “Science and Life”, No. 4, 1994.
• Kryukov S, Dorofeev B., Dolgopyatov R. From the history of design and testing of the N-1 rocket. - “Aviation and Cosmonautics”, No. 9, 1992.
• http://www.federalspace.ru/main.php?id=205
• http://80.vstu.ru/category/famous-graduates/kryukov-sergey-sergeevich-0