Li-zong ( Chinese 理宗 , personal name - Zhao Yun ( Chinese 趙 昀 ) January 26, 1205 - November 16, 1264) - 5th Chinese emperor of the South Song Empire in 1224–1264 (14th emperor of the Song Dynasty ) , the posthumous name is An Xiao-Huangdi ( Chinese 安孝皇 帝 ).
| Zhao Yun | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 5th (14th) Emperor of the South Song era | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Reign time | 1224-1264 |
| Predecessor | Ning Zong |
| Successor | Dozong |
| Name Options | |
| Traditional spelling | 趙 昀 |
| Pinyin | Zhào Yun |
| Posthumous name | An Xiao Huangdi (安孝皇 帝) |
| Temple name | Li Zong (理宗) |
| Family | |
| Father | |
| Mother | |
| Wives | and |
Biography
Came from the imperial family Zhao. The son of Prince Zhao Qilao. At birth, received the name Yun. Not distinguished by any special qualities. In 1221, with the support of Chancellor Shi Miyuan and Empress Dowager Yang, it was decided that it was Zhao Yun who would become the heir to Emperor Ningzong. The latter ascended the throne in 1224 , after the death of Ningzong.
The new emperor did not show a penchant for state affairs, giving preference to science and literature. Therefore, he handed over the actual leadership to Chancellor Shi Miyuan, who determined foreign and domestic policy until his death in 1233. This period was marked by difficulties in the economy, rising inflation (more than 300 million paper money was issued). 102,000 gold and 1,002,000 silver money were spent to stabilize prices. At the same time, much attention was paid to the development of the Sung navy. At the time of Shi Miyuan's death, the number of naval soldiers reached 52 thousand people.
After that, Li-zong ruled alone for some time, in particular, in 1234 he concluded a peace treaty with the Mongol Empire , which overthrew the Jin dynasty and seized the North Chinese lands. However, soon the emperor again retired, passing the reins to his two chancellors - Ding Datsuan and Jia Shida. The emperor himself was immersed in entertainment, significantly increasing his harem. It is known that he supported social reforms. In 1247, state shelters for orphans were opened, and in 1248, the poor began to receive medicines for free.
In 1254, the Mongols began preparations for the war against the Song, and in 1258, 4 Mongol armies broke into the Sun's borders. However, for some time it seemed that they would be stopped (after the death of the great Khan Munke ), however, the Suna army was defeated and peace was concluded in 1259, according to which Li-zong transferred land to the Mongols north of the Yangtze River .
To improve the economic situation, at the suggestion of Chancellor Jia Shid, in 1263–1264, land was confiscated from large landowners. As a result, almost a fifth of the entire territory of the state fell into the hands of the central government.
Due to the fact that his only son died young, Li Zong declared his nephew Zhao Qi as his heir. Emperor Li Zong passed away on November 16, 1264.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 China Biographical Database
Sources
- Das Chinesische Kaiserreich (Fischer Weltgeschichte, Bd. 19), 215f.
- 卷三 十六 本 纪 第三 十六