The Belorussian Front of 1939 is an operational-strategic association in the Red Army of the Armed Forces of the USSR . It was founded on September 11, 1939 in a western direction to occupy the territory of Western Belarus .
| Belorussian Front 1939 | |
|---|---|
 Emblem sun | |
| Years of existence | 1939 year |
| A country | the USSR |
| Included in | Armed forces of the USSR |
Content
History
The Belarusian front was first deployed on the territory of the Belarusian Special Military District (BOVO) in September 1939. The reason was the German attack on Poland on September 1, 1939. According to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact on the division of spheres of influence, the USSR was able to occupy the eastern regions of Poland (see Polish campaign of the Red Army ).
On September 11, the Belarusian and Kiev special military districts received an order to deploy field districts. The Belarusian front was thus opened. The mobilization of reservists was announced, but the publication of materials on military preparations was prohibited in the open press.
By the start of hostilities, the size of the front was 200.8 thousand people. He was opposed by 45 thousand Polish soldiers and officers, most of whom were not united in army formations and had no weapons. Along the border with the BSSR were located parts of the border guard corps in the amount of 8 thousand people. The most combat-ready was the Polesye task force, commanded by General F. Kleber [1] .
On September 16, 1939, an order was issued in Smolensk from the Military Council of the Belarusian Front No. 005 [2] .
On September 17, 1939, at 5 hours and 40 minutes, the troops of the Belarusian Front crossed the Soviet-Polish border and within six days, almost without meeting resistance from the Polish army, occupied the territories agreed upon under the Soviet-German treaty. The Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Army, Rydz-Smigly, ordered the Soviets not to engage and oppose only in the event of a disarmament attempt.
Armed clashes occurred over Molodechno , Lida , Volozhin , Schuchin , Stolin , Skidel , Novogrudok , Grodno , Vilno , and August Forests [3] . The Belarusian front lost 996 people. killed and 2002 wounded. 60202 Polish troops were captured, including 2066 officers [4] .
By October 1, Soviet troops reached the border agreed with the German command.
On October 11, 1939 , the Order on Territorial Changes in the Military Administration of the Red Army was issued No. 0157:
“Carry out the following territorial changes in the military command of the Red Army and the distribution of troops that are part of the fronts and districts. 1. The Belarusian front. Separate the territory of the Smolensk region from the Belorussian Front with all units, institutions and establishments located in this territory. To have a Belarusian front within the borders is the Byelorussian SSR, including Western Belarus. Include in the front all units, institutions and establishments located in this territory. The deployment of the front headquarters is Minsk . Maintain army control units with the deployment in the front: 3 army - Molodechno , 10 army - Bialystok , 11 army - Grodno and 4 army - Kobrin ” [5] .
On November 14, 1939, the Belorussian Front was again transformed into the Belarussian Special Military District. The territory of the okrug included the whole BSSR with its western territories.
Composition
The Belarusian Front included:
- 3rd Army of Commander V.I. Kuznetsov ,
- 4th Army Commander V.I. Chuikov ,
- 10th army of the commander I. G. Zakharkin ,
- 11th army of the commander N.V. Medvedev ,
- front-mounted horse-mechanized mobile group of the commander I.V. Boldin ,
- 23rd separate rifle corps of the brigade commander S. D. Akimov .
Each army had an aviation group.
Command
The composition of the Military Council of the Front included:
- M.P. Kovalev , commander of the 2nd rank - commander of the front forces
- P.E. Smokachev , division commander
- M. A. Purkaev , Comcor - Chief of Staff of the Front
See also
- Polish campaign of the Red Army (1939)
- Red army
- Ukrainian Front (1939)
Literature
- Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M .: Military Publishing , 1984. - S. 45-47, 169, 189, 500, 525.
- Lebedeva N. S. The fourth partition of Poland and the Katyn tragedy. // Another war. 1939-1945. / Ed. Yu. N. Afanasyev . Comp. and foreword. V. G. Bushueva . - M .: RGGU , 1996. - ISBN 5-7281-0053-8
- Lucic Zm. "Belarus Front". Vaysk aperatsya Chyrvonay Armіі ў Zakhodnyay Belarusі // Arche.by, 2009, No. 9. (Belarusian)
- Meltiukhov M.I.Soviet -Polish war. Military-political confrontation 1918-1939 Part 3. September 1939. War from the West. Chapter: Soviet military preparations. - M., 2001.
- Veremeev Yu. Anatomy of the army. The Stalin Line and the preparation of guerrilla warfare
- Enceclapedia gistory Belarus . T. 6. Part 1. - Mn .: BelEn , 2001. - S. 571-572. - ISBN 985-11-0214-8
Notes
- ↑ Garbul P.I. The beginning of World War II and the campaign of the Red Army in Western Belarus // 1939 at the forest of the Belarusian people: zbornik materyyalaў. - Brest: BrDU, 2010 .-- S. 102-106.
- ↑ Order of the Military Council of the Belorussian Front No. 005 // "You come in, I come out to find Belarus ...". Verasen 1939 - 1956: documents and materials. 2 kn. Prince 1. Verasen 1939 - 1941 - Mn .: Belarusian Navuka. - 2009 .-- S. 15-16.
- ↑ Korolkov Yu. To the shores of the Neman. Episodes of the liberation campaign in Western Belarus. - Moscow, 1940. - 40s.
- ↑ Order No. 5 of the commander of the troops of the Belarusian Front. September 21, 1939 // "You’re from Zakhodnyay, I’m from Ushodnyay nashay Belarus_ ...". Verasen 1939 - 1956: documents and materials. 2 kn. Prince 1. Verasen 1939 - 1941 - Mn .: Belarusian Navuka. - 2009 .-- S. 16-17.
- ↑ Russian archive: The Great Patriotic War. Orders of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. T. 13 (2-1). / Pres. ed. call V.A. Zolotarev . - M .: TERRA , 1994. - S. 119. - ISBN 5-250-01774-6 ; 5-85255-484-7