Thomas Graham [1] ( eng. Thomas Graham ; December 21, 1805 , Glasgow - September 16, 1869 , London ) is a Scottish chemist who is known as one of the founders of colloid chemistry [2] , as well as his pioneering work in the field of dialysis and gas diffusion .
| Thomas Graham | |
|---|---|
| Thomas graham | |
 Thomas Graham in 1856 (lithography) | |
| Date of Birth | December 21, 1805 |
| Place of Birth | Glasgow , Scotland |
| Date of death | September 16, 1869 (63 years old) |
| A place of death | London , UK |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | chemistry , colloid chemistry , effusion , diffusion |
| Place of work | University of London |
| Alma mater | |
| Known as | one of the founders of colloid chemistry , formulated Graham's law , the discoverer of dialysis |
| Awards and prizes | Royal Medal (1838, 1850) Baker's lecture (1850, 1854) Copley Medal (1862) |
| Signature | |
Content
- 1 Life and work
- 2 Scientific work
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Links
Life and work
Thomas Graham was born in Glasgow , Scotland . Graham's father was a successful textile industrialist and wanted his son to become a clergyman in the Church of Scotland . Instead, contrary to his father's wishes, Graham became a student at the University of Glasgow in 1819. There he woke up a strong interest in chemistry .
In 1826, after receiving a Master of Arts degree, he left the university. Subsequently, he worked in various colleges and universities: in 1827-1828 at the University of Edinburgh , from 1829 - at the University of Glasgow (from 1830 - professor), in 1837-1855 - professor at London University College . The last 15 years of his life (1854-1869) Graham is the director of the Mint.
Member of the Royal Society of London . In 1836, the Royal Society of London awarded the scientist one of his highest honors - the Royal Medal ; in 1850, Graham was awarded this award for the second time [3] .
In 1841, Graham became one of the founders of the London Chemical Society and its first president (1841-1843, 1845-1847). Since 1866 - a foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences [4] and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences .
Thomas Graham died on September 16, 1869 in the city of London .
Scientific work
Thomas Graham is known for his most important discoveries in the field of molecular phenomena, becoming one of the founders of modern colloid chemistry . In particular, he introduced the basic terms of a new science: colloids , sol and gel . The study of diffusion processes led to the discovery of the gas law, according to which the gas effusion rate is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass ( Graham's law ). He is the pioneer of dialysis : with the help of the dialyzer he invented, he was able to separate colloids (slowly diffuse and do not form crystals) and crystalloids (quickly diffuse and are capable of crystallization).
See also
- Graham's Law
- Diffusion
- Dialysis
- Colloidal systems
Notes
- ↑ A common erroneous transliteration, for example Graham’s law , may be due to the incorrect pronunciation of the English version of the surname - Thomas Graham. See Pronounce Names - Pronounce Graham, How to pronounce the name Graham, Pronunciation of Graham, how to say Graham, how to say the name Graham . Date of treatment February 21, 2013. Archived March 18, 2013.
- ↑ Physical and colloidal chemistry. Kruglyakov P.M., Haskova T.N.M.: Higher School, 2010, 320 p.
- ↑ Royal Medal .
- ↑ Profile of Thomas Graham (Graham) on the official website of the RAS
Links
- Yakovlev V.A. Graham, Thomas // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Graham, Thomas. Researches on the Arseniates, Phosphates, and Modifications of Phosphoric Acid (Eng.) // Philosophical Transactions : journal. - The Alembic club, 1833. - Vol. 123 . - P. 253-284 . - DOI : 10.1098 / rstl . 1833.0015 .
- Biography
- Obituary from Nature by AW Williamson