“ Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences ” is an annual award awarded for significant (breakthrough) achievements in the field of medicine and biology , primarily in the treatment of diseases and the extension of human life. Established in 2013 by Internet entrepreneurs Yuri Milner ( Mail.ru Group ), Mark Zuckerberg ( Facebook ), Sergey Brin ( Google ) and his ex-wife Ann Wojicki . To do this, they created the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences Foundation , which was chaired by Arthur Levinson (head of Apple ). Each year, up to six prizes are awarded in the amount of $ 3 million to each winner (in 2013, the founders allocated $ 33 million for 11 awards), which makes it the largest scientific award in the field of biology and medicine in the world [1] [2] [3 ] .
| “Breakthrough Award in Medicine” | |
|---|---|
| Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences | |
| A country |  USA |
| Reward for | Advances in Medicine and Biology |
| Founder | Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences Foundation |
| Base | 2013 |
| Site | breakthroughprizeinlifesciences.org |
Content
Prize Award
The first eleven winners were chosen by Yuri Milner and other founders [1] . Names were announced at a press conference in San Francisco on February 20, 2013 [3] . All award recipients are members of a committee that selects the following laureates.
Prize Laureates
| Year | Laureate | Place of work | Justification for the award | A source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | Xinya Yamanaka | Kyoto University | for creating induced stem cells . | [4] [1] [3] [5] |
| Hans Clevers | Hübrecht Institute | for the discovery of the Wnt signaling pathway mechanism. | ||
| Cornelia Bargmann | Rockefeller University | for work on the genetics of the nervous system and behavior and for studying the mechanism of synapse formation. | ||
| David Botstein | Princeton University | for developing a method for studying hereditary human diseases using polymorphisms in DNA. | ||
| Lewis Cantley | for the discovery of phosphoinositide-3-kinase and its role in metabolism . | |||
| Titia de Lange | Rockefeller University | for work on telomeres . | ||
| Napoleone Ferrara | University of California, San Diego | for investigating the mechanisms of angiogenesis that led to the development of therapies for cancer and eye diseases. | ||
| Eric Lander | Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology | for his work as one of the leaders of the Human Genome project. | ||
| Charles Sawyers | Memorial Cancer Center. Sloan Kettering | for studying oncogenes and developing targeted cancer therapy. | ||
| Burt Vogelstein | Johns Hopkins University | for studying the genomics of cancer and cancer suppressor genes . | ||
| Robert Weinberg | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | for the description of human oncogenes . | ||
| 2014 | James allison | Oncology Center named after M. D. Anderson | for the discovery of a method for blocking the co-inhibitory T-cell molecule for effective cancer therapy [6] . | [7] |
| Malon delong | Emory University | for the scientific rationale for treating Parkinson's disease through deep brain stimulation. | ||
| Michael hall | University of Basel | for the discovery of MTOR , the target of the immunosuppressant rapamycin and its role in controlling cell growth. | ||
| Robert Langer | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | for discoveries leading to the creation of controlled drug release systems in the patient’s body and the creation of new biomaterials. | ||
| Richard Lifton | Yale university | for the discovery of genes and biochemical mechanisms that cause hypertension . | ||
| Alexander Varshavsky | California Institute of Technology | for his work on the causes and molecular mechanisms of intracellular protein degradation. | ||
| 2015 | Jennifer Dudna Emmanuel Charpentier | University of California, Berkeley | for turning the ancient mechanism of bacterial immunity ( CRISPR / Cas9 ) into an effective technology for changing the genome with widespread consequences for all biology and medicine. | [eight] |
| Victor Embros Gary Ravkan | Harvard Medical School | for discovering the genetic regulation of miRNAs , a class of small RNAs that inhibit the alteration or destruction of additional target mRNA. | ||
| Charles David Ellis | Rockefeller University | for the discovery of covalent modifications of histones and their important role in the regulation of gene expression and chromatin construction, deepening our understanding of diseases from birth defects to cancer. | ||
| Alim Louis Benabi | Joseph Fourier University | for his discovery and pioneering research in the development of high-frequency deep brain stimulation , which revolutionized the treatment of Parkinson's disease . | ||
| 2016 | Edward Boyden | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | for the development and implementation of optogenetics methods - the method of programming and excitation of neurons using light. | [9] [10] |
| Karl Deisserot | Stanford University | for the development and implementation of optogenetics methods - the method of programming and excitation of neurons using light. | ||
| John Hardy | University College London | for the discovery of mutations in the gene for the amyloid precursor protein ( English Amyloid precursor protein ; APP), which prematurely causes Alzheimer's disease . | ||
| Helen Hobbs | for the discovery of human genetic variations that change the level and distribution of cholesterol and other lipids, which opens up new approaches to the prevention and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases. | |||
| Svante Paabo | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology | for pioneering research and the establishment of a sequence of ancient DNA and genomes , which re-illuminated our understanding of the origin of modern man and his evolutionary relationships with extinct related species such as Neanderthals , and the evolution of human populations. | ||
| 2017 | Steven elage | Harvard Medical School | for studying the reactions of eukaryotic cells to DNA damage, which provided new insights into the development and treatment of cancer. | [eleven] |
| University of California Santa Cruz | for revealing the central role of RNA in the formation of active centers of the ribosome - the fundamental mechanism of protein synthesis in all cells, thereby linking modern biology with questions of the origin of life, and also giving an explanation of how many natural antibiotics destroy protein synthesis. | |||
| Stanford University | for his pioneering study of the Wnt pathway , one of the most important intercellular signaling systems in development, cancer, and stem cell biology. | |||
| Yoshinori Osumi | Tokyo Institute of Technology | for the study of autophagy - a system for processing cells of their own unimportant or damaged components into nutrients. | ||
| Huda Zogby | for the discovery of the genetic causes and biochemical mechanisms of spinocerebellar ataxia and Rett syndrome - observations that gave new insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. | |||
| 2018 | Joan Chory | Original text For discovering how plants optimize their growth, development, and cellular structure to transform sunlight into chemical energy. | [12] | |
| Peter Walter Mori Kazutoshi | University of California, San Francisco Kyoto University | Original text For elucidating the unfolded protein response, a cellular quality-control system that detects disease-causing unfolded proteins and directs cells to take corrective measures. | ||
| Oxford University | for explaining the complex mechanism that mediates the delicate process of separation of doubled chromosomes during cell division, which thereby prevents cancer and other diseases. | |||
| University of California, San Diego | Original text For elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of a type of inherited ALS, including the role of glia in neurodegeneration, and for establishing antisense oligonucleotide therapy in animal models of ALS and Huntington's disease. | |||
| 2019 | Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor | for developing an effective antisense oligonucleotide therapy for children with neurodegenerative disease of spinal muscular atrophy . | [13] | |
| Angelica Amon | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | for studying the consequences of aneuploidy - an abnormal number of chromosomes resulting from improper chromosome separation. | ||
| Xiaowei Zhuang | Harvard University | for discovering hidden structures in cells by developing an ultra-high resolution microscopy method that has overcome the fundamental limit of spatial resolution of optical microscopy . | ||
| Zhijian Chen | for finding out how DNA elicits immune and autoimmune reactions from within the cell, by discovering the DNA-sensitive cGAS enzyme. |
See also
- Fundamental Physics Award
- Math Breakthrough Award
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Milner, Zuckerberg and Brin established the largest biomedical award . Lenta.ru (February 20, 2013). Date of treatment February 20, 2013. Archived March 18, 2013.
- ↑ IT-billionaires Zuckerberg, Brin and Milner instituted a prize on medicine . RIA-Novosti (February 20, 2013). Date of treatment February 20, 2013. Archived March 18, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Rory Carroll. Breakthrough Prize announced by Silicon Valley entrepreneurs . Guardian.co.uk (February 20, 2013). Date of treatment February 20, 2013. Archived March 18, 2013.
- ↑ 2013 laureates on the official website of the award. (eng.)
- ↑ Eleven friends of Milner . Lenta.ru (February 21, 2013). Date of treatment February 23, 2013. Archived March 18, 2013.
- ↑ Vasaturo A. , Di Blasio S. , Peeters DG. , de Koning CC. , de Vries JM. , Figdor CG. , Hato SV. Clinical Implications of Co-Inhibitory Molecule Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment for DC Vaccination: A Game of Stop and Go (Eng.) // Front Immunol .. - 2013. - Vol. 4. - P. 417. - DOI : 10.3389 / fimmu.2013.00417 .
- ↑ 2014 laureates on the official website of the award. (eng.)
- ↑ 2015 laureates on the official website of the award. (eng.)
- ↑ 2016 laureates on the official website of the award. (eng.)
- ↑ Andrey Kuznetsov. Zuckerberg and Milner presented the largest scientific award in the world. - Rbc.ru
- ↑ 2017 laureates on the official website of the award. (eng.)
- ↑ 2018 laureates on the official website of the award. (eng.)
- ↑ 2019 laureates on the official website of the award. (eng.)
Links
- breakthroughprize.org - official Breakthrough Prize website
- Breakthrough award in the field of medicine - an article from the Great Russian Encyclopedia . O. M. Bubnova
- Milner, Zuckerberg and Bryn instituted a medical award . RBC daily (February 20, 2013). Date of treatment February 20, 2013. Archived March 18, 2013.
- IT-billionaires at the initiative of the founder of Mail.Ru Group instituted a medical prize of $ 3 million . Newsru.com (February 20, 2013). Date of treatment February 20, 2013. Archived March 18, 2013.