The Most Serene Princess Yekaterina Vasilyevna Saltykova (née Princess Dolgorukova ; April 21, 1791 [1] - January 18, 1863 ) - maid of honor, cofmeister of the Russian imperial court, cavalier lady of the Order of St. Catherine the Great Cross (08.28.1856) and the Bavarian Order58 (18) of Theresa .
| Ekaterina Vasilyevna Saltykova | |
|---|---|
 Self-portrait on the background of the portrait of the mother (fragment) | |
| Birth name | Ekaterina Vasilievna Dolgorukova |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
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| Occupation | |
| Father | V.V. Dolgorukov |
| Mother | E. F. Dolgorukova |
| Awards and prizes |
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Marriage
- 3 At court
- 4 Charity
- 5 notes
- 6 References
Biography
The daughter of the real secret adviser to Prince Vasily Vasilievich Dolgorukov and Princess Ekaterina Fedorovna Baryatinsky . Born in St. Petersburg in the house of her parents on the street. Big Sea , where her first years of life passed [2] . In 1799, the Dolgorukovs were disgraced by Emperor Paul I , and in the spring of 1800 they went abroad with three children.
The sons of the Dolgorukovs, Vasily and Nikolai, were assigned to the University of Strasbourg in 1802, and their daughter Catherine remained with her parents. She received home education, was a good musician and dancer. The Dolgorukovs traveled a lot around Europe, they spent two years in Dresden , lived in Paris . In 1803, they traveled to Switzerland and Italy, spent the winter of 1804-1805 in Naples , lived in Vienna in 1806, and returned to Russia in the summer of 1807 [3] .
Marriage
In St. Petersburg, the Dolgorukovs settled in the hired house of Count N.I. Saltykov on Palace Embankment, which was once presented to Field Marshal Empress Catherine II . Due to the long absence, the Dolgorukov family was again introduced to the court. On July 22, 1808, Ekaterina Vasilievna was granted the maids of honor .
Soon she married Count Sergei Nikolaevich Saltykov (1777-1828), the youngest son of N. I. Saltykov. The marriage was unsuccessful, Emperor Alexander I invited Ekaterina Vasilyevna to divorce her and her husband and arrange a new party. But distinguished by religiosity and piety, she rejected the offer of the emperor. The mother of Leo Tolstoy , Princess Volkonskaya , wrote in 1810 about Saltykova [4] :
| Having heard a lot about her, I was glad that I had found a chance to recognize her. She seemed very modest to me; looking at her, I regretted that such a young and pleasant woman was passed off as a man who, they say, cannot make her happy. |
On August 30, 1814, the Saltykovs were elevated to princely dignity of the Russian Empire with the title of lordship. In 1828, Ekaterina Vasilievna was widowed, she had no children. After the death of Prince Saltykov, K. Ya. Bulgakov, in a letter to his brother in Moscow, informed not only of the death of the prince, but also of the absence of a will [5] :
| Prince Sergey Saltykov died yesterday. Spiritual did not; consequently, his wife will receive only the seventh part from the estate, and they say he wanted to leave her everything while he was alive. Everyone regrets about Princess Saltykova. Yes, and truly, if only her husband left her house ... |
Left home, the princess acquired from the daughter of the Minister of Finance Count D. A. Guryev - M. D. Guryeva (wife of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Count K. V. Nesselrode ), a house on the Neva Embankment, located very close to the palace, where Princess Saltykova continued your service. According to a contemporary, "Princess Katish Saltykova became very prettier after being widowed" [6] .
At Court
Ekaterina Vasilyevna served her whole life at court, being one of the closest persons to the royal family. June 30, 1835 was granted a stats ladies . From 1840 to 1855 she was a clerk at the court of Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich . With the accession to the throne of Alexander II, Princess Saltykov was the Empress's Hoffmeister. August 28, 1856 awarded the Order of St. Catherine the Great Cross [7] .
She enjoyed great influence and power at court. The darling of the Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna , M. A. Patkul , nee Marquise de Traverse, repeatedly mentioned in her notes the name of the harsh, most holy Princess, who looked unfavorably at any deviation from etiquette . Freylina A. F. Tyutcheva called Princess Saltykov “ Mother Goose ” . Having met her in 1853, she wrote in her diary [8] :
| Today I paid a visit to Princess Saltykova ... She perfectly received me and offered her protection during the visits ... This is a magnificent lady with remnants of her former beauty and important manners. She must not be particularly smart, but she undoubtedly has the solemn self-confidence of mediocrity, hidden under an aristocratic gloss, which make up the essence of the French ladies of the empire period. We have such rare individuals, but Princess Saltykova should be close to royal France in her upbringing. |
Charity
In 1846, the devout princess Saltykova bought a cottage owned by A.M.Sukhareva (nee Poltoratskaya) on the Okhta River , where she founded an almshouse for poor women. For this almshouse, Academician V.P. Lvov in 1847 developed a project of a stone-domed church with a portico size 8.5 on 5.5 fathoms, approved on November 29, 1847. The temple with a small wooden bell tower, also erected at the expense of Saltykova, was ready two and a half years later and was consecrated on September 6, 1850 in honor of the heavenly patroness of the princess - St. Catherine. From her prayer room to the temple were transferred 37 large and small images (including ancient ones), which were placed in a special icon case. The icons in the iconostasis belonged to the brush of V. M. Peshekhonov. Among the venerated images were the “Kazan Mother of God” and “St. Catherine "in robes with precious stones. From 1853, a procession was held around the neighborhood, in the fifth week after the Trinity .
For the maintenance of the almshouse Ekaterina Vasilievna bequeathed 12 thousand rubles in silver and an estate with 1150 souls. In the church was the family crypt of the Saltykov family, in which the princess was buried in 1863.
In the 1900s, 14 women lived in complete alms charity. In 1918, the clergy sought to open their cemetery at the almshouse. The almshouse ceased to exist in the early 1920s, the temple was closed in 1935, and its remains were dismantled in the 1960s [9] . Warehouses were built on the site of the estate.
Notes
- ↑ Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich . Petersburg Necropolis / Comp. V. Saitov. In 4 volumes - St. Petersburg, 1912-1913.- T.4.-S. 19.
- ↑ Some sources indicate the date of birth of Princess E.V. Saltykova in 1789.
- ↑ From the notes of Prince N.V. Dolgorukov // Russian Archive. 1892. No. 11. P.266.
- ↑ Daily note for your own memory
- ↑ From the letters of K. Ya. Bulgakov to his brother 1828 // Russian archive. 1903. No. 9, p. 121.
- ↑ D. Fickelmon . Diary 1829-1837. All Pushkin Petersburg, 2009.- P. 50.
- ↑ Ostafyevsky archive of the princes of Vyazemsky. Correspondence of Prince P. A. Vyazemsky with A. I. Turgenev. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of M. M. Stasyulevich, you. Ost., 5th line., 28, 1908. - T. 3. - P. 608.
- ↑ A.F. Tyutchev. At the court of two emperors. - M .: "Zakharov", 2008. - S. 119.
- ↑ V.V. Antonov, A.V. Kobak. Women's almshouse of the Most Holy Princess Saltykova (Saltykovskaya women's almshouse) . Encyclopedia of charity. St. Petersburg. . Date of treatment February 12, 2013. Archived February 17, 2013.
Links
- Russian portraits of the XVIII — XIX centuries . Ed. Led. Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich . - SPb. , 1906.- T. II. - Issue III. - No. 111.