Jack the Ripper [1] ( English Jack the Ripper ) is a pseudonym assigned to an unidentified serial killer who acted in Whitechapel and the surrounding areas of London in the second half of 1888. The nickname is taken from a letter sent to the Central News Agency ( English Central News Agency ), whose author claimed responsibility for the killings. Many experts consider the letter a falsification created by journalists to stir up public interest in history. The Ripper is also called the Whitechapel Murderer ( Eng. The Whitechapel Murderer ) and the Leather Apron ( Eng. Leather Apron ) [2] .
Jack the Ripper | |
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Jack the ripper | |
Image "With the Vigilance Committee in the East End: A Suspicious Character", published in Illustrated London News on October 13, 1888 | |
Nickname | Jack the Ripper |
Date of Birth | unknown |
Place of Birth | unknown |
Citizenship | unknown |
Date of death | unknown |
Place of death | unknown |
Cause of death | unknown |
Occupation | |
Killings | |
Number of victims | Not less than 5 |
Killing period | The second half of 1888 in canonical sacrifices, 1888-1891. generally |
Primary Murder Region | London , Great Britain |
Kill Method | Sore throat (possibly strangulation) |
Punishment | missing |
The victims attributed to Jack the Ripper were prostitutes from the slums by which the killer cut his throat before opening the abdominal cavity. Extraction of internal organs in at least three of the victims suggested that the killer has certain anatomical knowledge characteristic of a professional surgeon. Rumors that there was a connection between the killings, intensified between September and October 1888, and various publishing houses and Scotland Yard received many letters, allegedly written by the hand of the killer. To the famous letter "From Hell" ( eng. From Hell ), which was received by George Lusk ( eng. George Lusk ) from the Whitechapel Committee of Vigilance , a human kidney belonging to one of the victims was attached. Because of the incredibly cruel character of the killings and the various information that appeared in the newspapers, many were convinced that one serial killer, nicknamed “Jack the Ripper,” acted in London.
Content
Prerequisites
In the middle of the XIX century, England experienced an influx of Irish immigrants who flooded major cities, including the East End . Since 1882, many Jews from Eastern Europe and Russia settled in the same area [3] . The East End English communities were extremely overpopulated, the number of residents was increasing, which led to deterioration of working and living conditions [4] . Robbery, violence and alcohol abuse have become the hallmark of the life of overpopulated areas, widespread poverty has forced many women into prostitution. In October 1888, the London City Police Department revealed that there are more than 1,200 prostitutes working in the city and 62 brothels are functioning [5] . The decline in the economy influenced the development of various social trends. In the period from 1886 to 1889, England was stirred up by a wave of public demonstrations, in which the city authorities were forced to interfere [6] . Racism, high crime and extreme poverty are what characterizes Whitechapel of the time [7] . It is not surprising that it was at such an alarming time that the public was shocked by a series of incredibly brutal murders, which were attributed to the serial killer Jack the Ripper [8] .
Jack the Ripper's Victims
The exact number of victims of Jack the Ripper is currently unknown, is the subject of controversy and ranges from 5 to 15. Nevertheless, there is a list of five "canonical" victims, with which most of the researchers and those involved in the investigation of the case agree. In particular, the Chief Constable of the Criminal Investigation Department Melville MacNayten ( born Melville Macnaghten ) adhered to the version of the five victims. It is highly likely that Martha Tabram ( eng. Martha Tabram ) also died at the hands of the murderer; she was added to the list of five canonical victims by Inspector Abberline ( Eng. Frederick Abberline ) - one of the leaders of the Jack the Ripper case.
Five canonical victims
It has been established that the five murders were the work of Jack the Ripper. His victims were:
- Mary Ann Nichols ( born Mary Ann Nichols , also known as "Polly"), was born on August 26, 1845 , killed on August 31, 1888 . The body of Mary Nicholls was discovered at 3:40 on Bucks Row (now Durward Street). The throat was cut as a result of two blows from a sharp blade. The lower part of the abdominal cavity was opened - the wounds were ragged. In addition, several wounds were inflicted on the body, inflicted by the same knife [9] .
- Annie Chapman ( born Annie Chapman , also known as “Dark Annie”), was born in September 1841 , killed on September 8, 1888. Annie Chapman's corpse was discovered at around 6 am in the backyard of House 29 on Hanbury Street in Spitalfields. As in the case of Nichols, the throat was cut as a result of two strokes with a razor [10] . However, the abdominal cavity was opened completely, and the uterus was removed from the woman’s body [11] . According to the witness, he saw Chapman with a tall, dark-haired man [12] .
- Elizabeth Stride ( born Elizabeth Stride , also known as “Long-Liz”), was born in Sweden on November 27, 1843 , killed on September 30, 1888 . Stride's body was discovered at about 1 am, at Dathlefields' Beard Street, her earlobe was cut off, as promised by the Ripper.
- Catherine Eddows ( born Catharine Eddowes ), born April 14, 1842 , killed September 30, 1888 on the same day as another victim, Elizabeth Stride. The body of Kate Eddows was discovered on Miter Square at 1:45 at night.
- Mary Jane Kelly ( born Marie Jeanette Kelly ), was born in Ireland in 1863 , murdered on November 9, 1888 . The disfigured unrecognizable body of Mary Kelly was found in her own room at 10:45 am.
It is also important to note that the last victim of Jack the Ripper, Mary Jane Kelly, was the youngest and most attractive of all, and therefore earned more than the others and had the opportunity to rent a room in which she was killed.
Killing Method
Strangulation
Now many researchers are inclined to think that Jack the Ripper choked his victims before they were slaughtered. When examining some of the dead women, doctors found signs of strangulation. This explains the fact that in most cases people living nearby did not hear screams while committing a murder. Many have questioned this version, as there is no definitive evidence that victims were strangled.
Sore throat
Jack the Ripper slit his throat from left to right, the wound was very deep. It is believed that he could not get dirty in the blood due to the fact that, by cutting the throat of his victim, he simultaneously tilted the woman’s head to the right. Open the abdominal cavity Jack the Ripper began after the death of the victim. He removed organs from three women and took them with him, Annie Chapman had a uterus with part of the vagina and bladder , Catherine Eddous had her left kidney and uterus removed, and Mary Kelly had a heart cut out.
Investigation
Letters from the Ripper
During the investigation of the Ripper's case, the police, newspapers, and representatives of other organizations received thousands of letters relating in one way or another to the Ripper's case. Sometimes they contained thoroughly thought-out ways to catch the killer, but the vast majority of them were found to be inapplicable [13] .
From the point of view of the investigation, hundreds of letters, which they claimed were written by the murderer himself, were much more interesting. Most likely, all of them are a hoax ( most believe that there are no genuine letters from Jack the Ripper ); Nevertheless, there are three following letters, based on their exclusivity:
- The letter "Dear Head ..." ( Eng. The "Dear Boss" letter ), dated September 25 ; stamped on September 27, 1888 by the Central News Agency, delivered to Scotland Yard on September 29 . It was initially recognized as a fake, but when three days after the date Eddous was found on a postmark with a partially cut off ear, the attention of the police was drawn to the promise contained in the letter “to cut off the lady’s ears” ( English “clip the ladys ears off” , the spelling of the original is preserved) . The police published a letter on October 1 in the hope that someone would be able to recognize the author’s handwriting , but this did not bring any results. The name “Jack the Ripper,” first mentioned in this letter, soon became infamous to the whole world; Many subsequent letters "from the Ripper" copied the style of this particular letter. After the killings, the police officially stated that the letter was a hoax of a local journalist [14] .
- Postcard "Cheeky Jacky" ( eng. The “Saucy Jacky” postcard ), stamped on October 1, 1888 by the Central News Agency. It was written in a handwriting similar to the one with which the letter “Dear Head ...” was written. It mentioned that two victims - Stride and Eddows - were soon killed one after another: “now twice” ( eng. “ Double event this time” ). This proves that the postcard was sent before the murders became known, by someone who really knew about them (although the postmark on the envelope was added a day or more after the crime). The police subsequently stated that the identity of the journalist who had written both this postcard and the letter “Dear Head ...” was established [15] .
- The letter “From hell” ( eng. The “From Hell” letter ), also known as the “Lusk letter” ( Eng. “Lusk letter” ); stamped on October 15 , received by George Lusky from the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee on October 16, 1888 . Opening a small box, Lusk discovered half of the human kidney in it (according to the later approval of a medical expert stored in wine alcohol ethanol ). One of the kidneys of Eddows was cut out by the killer. The letter noted that he “fried and ate” the second half.
Nevertheless, there are disagreements regarding the kidney among experts: some claim that it belonged to Eddows, while others argue that it was a “grim joke and nothing more” [16] .
Some sources [ what? ] cite another letter, dated September 17, 1888, as the first message in which the name Jack the Ripper was used . Many experts [ who? ] , however, we are sure that this is a modern falsification, which was added to the police file in the 20th century , much later after the murders. They draw attention to the fact that the document does not contain the incoming stamp of the police authority with the date of receipt, nor the name of the person responsible for checking the information specified in the letter. In addition, the letter is not mentioned in any of the extant police documents.
DNA tests carried out in surviving letters can give results that shed light on the circumstances of the case [17] . Australian molecular biology professor Ian Findlay, researching DNA residues, came to the conclusion that the author of the letter was most likely a woman. It is noteworthy that at the end of the 19th century a certain Mary Piercy was mentioned among the candidates for the role of the Ripper, who was hanged for murdering her lover’s wife in 1890 [18] [19] [20] .
Also, the Ripper is often credited with the execution of an illiterate anti-Semitic inscription on the wall of a house in Goulston Street, London (see: Wall inscription on Goulston Street ).
Jack the Ripper Surgical Skills
One of the most controversial issues is the level of knowledge of Jack the Ripper in the field of anatomy . The controversy on this topic began in the days when murders were committed, and continues to be in the circle of researchers in the case of the Ripper until now. The reason for this was the reports of medical experts who performed the autopsy of the victims, who claimed that the nature of some of the injuries and the professionalism with which the organs of the victims had been extracted indicates that the killer could have been a highly skilled surgeon .
Almost all the doctors who performed the autopsy on more than one of the canonical victims of Jack the Ripper attributed to him some knowledge of the anatomy and skills of the surgeon, but opinions about the level of knowledge were very different - some said that such skills might well have an ordinary butcher that it could only be a surgeon. Also, medical experts have determined that he was a lefty.
Dr. Phillips, who conducted the autopsy of Annie Chapman, argued that the killing was the work of a professional, competent enough in anatomy, so as not to damage the organs that he had taken with a knife blow. Also, Dr. Phillips added that it would take him at least half an hour in a relaxed atmosphere to make such an organ harvest, while the killer only lasted 15 minutes. .
The last and most brutal was the murder of Mary Jennet Kelly: the killer gutted the corpse, took out the heart and kidneys and gently laid out the pieces of the body around the room.
Suspects
The legends surrounding the Ripper, have become a combination of historical research, conspiracy theories and folklore . The lack of confirmed information about the identity of the killer allowed "ripperologists" (from Ripper ; ripperologists - writers, historians and amateur detectives who study the Ripper's case; in Russian literature also the name "gutting" is found in many people in the Ripper's deeds. A good example of such a conspiracy legend is the identification with Jack of the deceased grandson of Queen Victoria Prince Albert Victor , who was actually in Scotland on the day of the murder of the third and fourth victims (and during the rest of the killings was also outside London) [21] . British researcher Trevor Marriot in his book Jack the Ripper: Investigation of the XXI Century (published in Russian in 2012) concludes that Jack the Ripper was Karl Feigenbaum, a German who was electrocuted for murder [22] . In 2012, it was suggested that the killer could have been a woman - Elizabeth Williams, the barren wife of the royal physician John Williams , who had a connection with one of the victims [23] [24] . Thomas Crim , George Chapman , Frederick Bailey Deeming, and William Henry Bury were also executed for the various murders. American therapist Richard Wallis ( born Richard Wallace ) argued that Jack the Ripper was Lewis Carroll . This theory was named by other crime investigator Maxim Yakubovsky “wildly improbable” with the comment that “a sufficiently skilled researcher can collect evidence that Jack the Ripper was Queen Victoria or Mark Twain ” [25] .
According to one version, under the name of Jack the Ripper, a mentally ill Polish Jewish emigrant Aaron Kosminsky ( Polish Aaron Kośmiński ) [26] was hiding. This version may have been confirmed by analysis of DNA samples, the results of which were published in the media in 2014 [27] [28] . Research was conducted by associate professor of molecular biology at Liverpool John Moors University [29] Jari Loukhelaynen. The genetic material needed for the tests was taken from a shawl allegedly found near the body of Catherine Eddows, one of Jack the Ripper's victims. This shawl, which was not erased after the murder, was provided by businessman Russell Edwards, who bought it at auction in 2007. According to the entrepreneur, one of the policemen who worked at the crime scene took the handkerchief home for his spouse. As a result of the analyzes done, Loukhelaynen, who compared the samples found on the shawl with the DNA of the descendants of the victim and those suspected of the killings, came to the conclusion that the DNA fragments found belong to Catherine Eddows and Aaron Kosminsky [30] .
According to Russell Edwards, who published a book in 2014 about his investigation of Naming Jack the Ripper [31] , the serial killer worked as a hairdresser in London Whitechapel . Kosminsky was one of the Whitechapel murder suspects, but the police could not prove his guilt [32] . At the time of the first crimes (in 1888) Kosminsky was 23 years old. Later, Kosminsky was also accused of trying to slaughter his sister, was declared insane, and in 1891 he was sent to compulsory treatment, having spent the rest of his life in psychiatric clinics. The killings no longer repeated.
The results of the studies of Edwards and Loukhelaynen were not properly published and were not subjected to scientific reviewing, the correctness of the findings of genetic examinations also raised questions from experts [33] [34] [35] .
Suspected Sickert
American writer Patricia Cornwell claims that, thanks to the appearance of new evidence, she was able to find out the identity of the mysterious Jack the Ripper. Cornwell stated that Jack the Ripper was the British artist Walter Sickert (1860-1942). Cornwell wrote about her suspicions back in 2002 in the book “The Portrait of a Murderer: Jack the Ripper - the Case is Closed,” but now, as the writer claims, the version can be documented.
The examination established that the paper, on which three letters signed by Sickert and two notes, sent by the London police to a mysterious killer in 1888, came from the same bundle, in which there were only 24 leaves. If these data are true, then perhaps one of the main secrets of criminology can be considered to be disclosed.
Suspected Van Gogh
Dale Larner, author of Vincent Jack, juxtaposed the facts of the mysterious Jack the Ripper with some facts concerning the great artist Van Gogh , and concluded that he was one and the same person. According to the author, Van Gogh "hid" the image of Jack the Ripper's victim in one of his paintings. Dale Larner found in the Van Gogh painting “Irises” outlines resembling the position of the body and the mutilated face of one of Jack the Ripper's victims - Mary Kelly. Secondly, the similarity of writing some letters taken from the letters of Van Gogh and the Ripper was revealed. Thirdly, according to Larner, a link was found between the date of the killings and the birthday of the mother of Vincent Van Gogh - four victims of the London killer were discovered a few days before the birthday of the painter's mother (she was born on September 10 ). In addition, a Dutch artist at the age of 20 (1873) moved from Holland to London. The dismembered female body was caught from the Thames literally a couple of months after its arrival. This was the first kill. The second followed nine days later, just as Vincent was rejected by his landlord’s daughter. During the period from September 24 to December 23, 1888, Jack the Ripper wrote many letters to the police. The longest break was five days. The next period of writing messages - December 23, 1888 - January 8, 1889 . Break was 16 days. And on December 23, Vincent Van Gogh, in a fit of schizophrenia, cut off his ear . He lay in the hospital until January 7, from where he could not send a letter. At the age of 37 in 1890, Vincent van Gogh committed suicide [36] .
Suspected Cosminsky
In the 2000s, it was Aaron Kosminsky who became the forensic scientist called the main candidate for the role of the famous serial killer. For the first time the version that a mentally ill émigré of Jewish origin was a murderer was expressed as early as 2014, but then the evidence was questioned. In March 2019 in the Journal of Forensic Sciences Jari Louhelainen, senior lecturer in molecular biology at the John Moors University of Liverpool, Jari Louhelainen, and research fellow at the Reproduction and Early Development Group of the Institute for Genetics, Health and Therapy at Leeds University, David Miller, was published. They conducted a molecular analysis of the shawl that contained the DNA samples of the killer and one of the victims. The killer's DNA results coincided with Kosminsky’s samples, which was the reason for the claim that the famous Jack the Ripper was finally revealed [37] [38] . Although critical observations were made by some scientists [39] .
Jack the Ripper in Art and Culture
The widespread fame and at the same time the mysteriousness of the criminal, as well as the cinematographic possibilities (narrow avenues in which the fog swirls, highlighted by flickering gas lamps, causing the clothes of prostitutes), led to the appearance of an enormous number of films about the Ripper. These films are dedicated, in particular, to the book of D. Makel . Jack the Ripper: The Murders and the Movies [40] .
- 1924 - "The Cabinet of Wax Figures " (dir. Paul Leni ) - Jack the Ripper - the hero of the third novel. The role was played by the largest German actor Werner Kraus .
- 1927 - " Resident " - a film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , an allusion to the story of Jack the Ripper.
- 1929 - " Pandora's Box " - Jack the Ripper - a minor hero who kills the main character.
- 1967 - episode "The Wolf in the Sheepfold " series " Star Trek: The Original Series "
- 1976 - Jack the Ripper - a 1976 horror film directed by Jesus Franco .
- 1979 - " Murder by the Order, " directed by Bob Clarke, talks about the confrontation of Sherlock Holmes with Jack the Ripper
- 1979 - “ Traveling in a Time Machine ”
- 1988 - Jack the Ripper , a 1988 television film.
- 1995 - episode " Inquisitor " series " Babylon 5 ".
- 1997 - The Ripper
- 1999 - episode "The Ripper " series " Beyond the Possible "
- 2001 - “The Return of the Jack the Ripper ” - a slasher with an allusion to the methods of killing Jack the Ripper.
- 2001 - " From Hell " - a film based on the story of Jack the Ripper, based on the eponymous comic strip.
- 2001 - The Knife series of The Lost World series is dedicated to Jack the Ripper.
- 2002 - Brandon Camp , " John Doe " - a television series, in the 19th series of the 1st season, the criminals copied exactly the style of Jack the Ripper, including letters and the amputation of body parts.
- 2003 —- “ Shanghai Knights ” —- Jack the Ripper — an episodic character, tried to attack Chong Ling.
- 2004 - “ Jack the Ripper Returns 2 ” - the heroine of the film Molly considers herself a descendant of a famous killer, and Jack the Ripper is present in the film as a virtual reality character ..
- 2005 - “ Soul Collector ” - series, season 2 episode 11, which presents the version that Jack the Ripper was a woman.
- 2007 - “ Treatment ” episode of the “ Smallville Mysteries ” series, one of the characters in this episode admitted that he was Jack the Ripper because he was immortal.
- 2007 - The Simpsons - In the dreadful issue number 15, one of the stories tells about London in 1888, when Jack the Ripper raged on
- 2008 - " Refuge " - a series in which the abnormal (anomaly) nicknamed Jack Jumper is a Whitechapel dismantler.
- 2009 - " Resident " - a thriller in which an unknown killer completely repeats the actions of Jack the Ripper
- 2009 - “The Modern Ripper ” - a series in which modern detectives are trying to catch Jack the Ripper wannabe.
- 2010 - "The Obsessed (Jack the Ripper) " - a 12-episode serial in which a man lives in St. Petersburg today who imagined that the frantic spirit of the London Ripper was embodied in it.
- 2010 - Canadian TV series “The Legacy of the Corval Sisters .”
- 2011 - " Doctor Who " - In the series " A good man goes to war, " Madame Vastra mentions that she ate Jack the Ripper.
- 2011 - “ The Jurassic Portal ” - In one of the episodes, it tells about the raptor who made his way into old London. And so the legend of Jack the Ripper, the killer with long knives, was born.
- 2012 - " The Ripper Street " - The events of this series unfold in London in 1889, immediately after the high-profile murders committed by Jack the Ripper. A team of detectives investigating crimes, simultaneously trying to calm panic among residents of the East End.
- 2013 - “Mechanics of the heart” - Scene in the train. Jack meets Jack the Ripper and tries to run away from him.
- 2014 - Eternity (TV series) - In episode 6 of The Sad Thing About Psychopaths, Jack the Ripper is raised.
- 2015 - Grimm (TV series) - Jack the Ripper - the spirit of a serial killer whose victims are prostitute creatures. In episode 2 of the 4th Octopus Head season 2, Jack’s spirit is infused into Sean Renard’s body and in Episode 20 “You don’t know Jack” begins to kill Portland prostitutes in his famous way. Although Jack was best known for the murders in London in 1888, the Grimm book describes a similar series of murders committed by the spirit in Luxembourg in 1798.
- 2018 - Batman: Gotham in the gas light (cartoon)
- 1966 - Ellery Queen , Dr. Watson's Unknown Manuscript (Sherlock Holmes vs. Jack the Ripper)
- 1969 - Philip Farmer , "The Lion 's Feast ." Jack the Ripper is the father of the main characters of the novel.
- 1974 - John Gardner, "The Return of Moriarty ". In one of the chapters of the novel, it is Professor Moriarty who succeeds in identifying and neutralizing Jack the Ripper.
- 1979 - Michael Dibdin , The Final Story of Sherlock Holmes . Leading his own investigation, Sherlock Holmes comes to the conclusion that Jack the Ripper is none other than Professor Moriarty.
- 1992 - Robert Bloch , "Forever yours - the Ripper." Mystical story about the murders of Jack.
- 1992 - Kim Newman "The Era of Dracula." Jack the Ripper is present as one of the main characters, on the actions of which the whole plot of the novel is tied. The very motivation and actions of the killer are recorded in the form of diaries.
- 1993 - Roger Zelazny , " Night in a Dreary October " - the prototype of one of the main characters is Jack the Ripper.
- 1994 - Peter Aroyd "The Process of Elizabeth Cree" - Jack the Ripper - in the book he is named "The Golem from Limehouse" - is a young beautiful actress in the music hall.
- 1995 - Tom Holland, "The Slave of His Thirst." The young doctor John Eliot, one of the main characters, at the end becomes Jack the Ripper.
- 1998 - Boris Akunin , "The Decorator " - Jack the Ripper appears in Russia in 1889, Erast Fandorin is investigating his murders.
- 1999 - “ From Hell (Comics) ” - Alan Moore's graphic novel.
- 2000 - "The Rippers of Time " - as part of a series of science fiction novels "The Scouts of Time" Robert Asprin reviews his version of the identity of Jack the Ripper and related events.
- 2001 - Robert Asprin , "The House That Jack Built" - a novel with several closely intersecting storylines, where Jack the Ripper is one of the main characters.
- 2002 - Patricia Cornwell , Jack the Ripper. Who is he? Portrait of a murderer "- The mystery of Jack the Ripper for several years did not give rest to the Queen of Detective Patricia Cornwell, the American Marinina, becoming a kind of idefix .
- 2004 - Anton Ulrich , “Jack. In search of excitement "- a novel that personifies an autobiographical description of the life of Jack the Ripper from birth to the moment of disappearance.
- 2007 - Nora Roberts , "The Simulator" - a novel from the detective series about Lieutenant Eve Dallas , in which the offender imitates the activities of Jack the Ripper.
- 2007 - Trevor Marriott , “Jack the Ripper. Investigation of the XXI century "- Trevor Marriott, an employee of the Department of Criminal Investigation, retired, after more than a hundred years takes up the matter of the Ripper. He analyzes the materials of the investigation, extracts previously unknown facts - and puts forward his own version concerning the identity of the Whitechapel killer. A bold and original approach to business, about which almost everything seemed to be known.
- 2008 - George Zotov , "The Seal of the Moon " - a mystical, postmodern detective story with elements of satire and humor. The protagonist is an immortal villain acting in our time in the fictional Russia and combining the images of Elizabeth Bathory, Jack the Ripper and others.
- 2008 - Dmitry Cherkasov, “ Jack the Ripper 's Notes ”
- 2008 - James Reese , Dracula 's Dossier - Bram Stoker's diary before writing Dracula, which describes the events of 1888 in which Stoker is directly involved.
- 2008 - Felix Palma , “ The Time Map ” - a novel, science fiction, where the relationship between the last victim of the Jack the Ripper (Mary Jane Kelly) and main character Andrew Harrington is described at the beginning.
- 2009 - Lindsey Fay , “Dust and Shadow” (“Sherlock Holmes vs. Jack the Ripper”)
- 2009 - Andrey Astakhov “The Cradle of Shadows” is a fantasy-thriller, where murders committed by the main villain copy the crimes of the Jack the Ripper (cutting the throat and removing the organs of the victims)
- 2009 - Rick Yancy , “The Disciple of the Monstrologue ” - a book in which one of the characters (John Kearns) is supposedly Jack the Ripper.
- 2011 - Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec , “The Vampire Diaries. Stephen's Diaries. The Ripper "is a book in which the main character of the vampire, Stefan Salvatore, investigates a Whitechapel crime. The ripper is the ancient vampire Samuel.
- 2011 - Dykr Stoker and Ian Holt , " Dracula is immortal " - a book where Elizabeth Batori, who became a vampire because of Dracula, was introduced as Jack the Ripper.
- 2012 - M. Dubrovin, “ Detectives. Book 1. King of Thieves "- a book where Jack the Ripper killed his victims with the help of the Medusa artifact, immobilizing them.
- 2012 - Maureen Johnson , " The Name of the Star " - a book where someone repeats the canonical murders of Jack the Ripper in our time in London.
- 2015 - Cassandra Claire , "The Whitechapel Villain" - a story in which Jack the Ripper turns out to be a demon.
- 2015 - Stephen Hunter , "I, the Ripper" - a detective novel about the murders of Jack.
- 2018 - Lada Luzina , “Jack the Ripper from Khreshchatyk. Kiev Witches "- a retro-detective, artist Mikhail Vrubel is suspected of killing prostitutes
- 1928 - Alban Berg ’s Lulu opera: Jack the Ripper appears in the final scene;
- 1961 - the song “Jack The Ripper” by Link Ray , the title song of the 1963 album ;
- 1972 - the song “Hands of Jack the Ripper” by the artist Screaming Lord Sutch from the album of the same name;
- 1976 - the song “Ripper” of the group “ Judas Priest ”;
- 1979 - composition “Jack the Ripper” of the group “ Univers Zero ”;
- 1986 - the song “Jack the Ripper” by Seikima II from the album “The End of the Century”;
- 1987 - “The Jack of Ripper” by Hobbs 'Angel Of Death from the album “Hobbs' Angel Of Death”;
- 1988 - the song “Whitechappel” by the band “ Manilla Road ” from the album “Out of the Abyss”;
- 1990 - Lita Ford 's The Ripper song from the Stiletto album;
- 1992 - the song “Jack the Ripper” of the group “ Corrosion of Metal ” from the album “Sadism”;
- 1992 - the song “Jack The Ripper” by singer Morrissey - b-side from the single “Certain People I Know”;
- 1992 - the song “Jack the Ripper” by the group “ Motörhead ” from the album “ March or Die ”;
- 1992 - the song “Jack the Ripper” by the band “ Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds ” from the album “ Henry's Dream ”;
- 2001 - Morgul's album “Sketch Of Supposed Murderer” about Jack the Ripper. Also, “Jack D. Ripper” is the then alias of the frontman of the group;
- 2001 - the song “Jack” of the band “ Iced Earth ” from the album “Horror Show”;
- 2004 - the bonus track “Jack the Ripper” by the group “ Malevolent Creation ” from the album “Warkult”, originally performed by the group Hobbs' Angel Of Death;
- 2005 - the song “Jack the Knife” by the group “ Falconer ” from the album “ Grime vs. Grandeur ;
- 2005 - the song “Makhno and the Jack the Ripper” by the group “ Mongol Shuudan ” from the album “Permafrost”;
- 2006 - the Whitechapel group took its name from the district in London, famous for the murder of Jack the Ripper;
- 2006 - the song “Jack the Ripper” by the group “ AFI ” from the album “ Decemberunderground ”;
- 2007 - the song “ The Horrors ” from the album “Strange House ” by the group “ The Horrors ” (a cover version of Screaming Lord Sutch 1972);
- 2007 - the song “The Last Day of Mary Ann” by the band “ Jane Air ” from the album “ Sex and Violence ”;
- 2010 - the song “What?” By “ Rob Zombie ” from the album “Hellbilly Deluxe II”;
- 2010 - the song “The House That Jack Built” by the singer “ Harry Ax ” from the album “Echo of War”;
- 2011 - the song “Jack the Ripper” by the group “ Misfits ” from the album “ The Devil's Rain ”;
- 2011 - Web minion "Jack the Ripper" of the electronic project Max Vagner (Malkavian Antitribu);
- 2013 - the song “Jack of Whitechapel” by the group Vere dictum;
- 2014 - the song “Artist” of the group “ Night of Samhain ”;
- 2017 - the song “Jack” by Sergey Derbyshov and Alexey Khropov;
- 1995 - Jack the Ripper [41] , developer - " Intergalactic Development, Inc. , Publisher - Intergalactic Development, Inc.
- 1996 - Ripper , developer - Take-Two Interactive , publishers - Take-Two Interactive and GameTek UK .
- 2004 - Jack the Ripper [42] , developer - Galilea Multimedia , publisher - DreamCatcher Interactive
- 2005 - Still Life , developer - Microids , publisher - The Adventure Company
- 2009 - Sherlock Holmes vs Jack the Ripper [43] , developer - Frogwares Game Development Studio , publisher - Focus Home Interactive
- 2015 - The Order 1886 , developer - Santa Monica studio, publisher - Sony Computer Entertainment
- 2015 - Assassin's Creed Syndicate of the same name DLC, developed and published by Ubisoft .
- 2018 - a maniac in the game Identity V
- 1987 - In the Joge's Bizarre Adventures manga, Jack the Ripper appears first as a serial killer, and then as a secondary antagonist, turned Dio Brando into a zombie. Shortly thereafter, he was destroyed by the heroes whom he was sent to kill.
- 2000 - in the Shanghai Yōmakikai manga to Hiromu Arakawa, the main character is Jack the Ripper, a demon guard on the border between the world of people and the world of demons, whose hand turns into blades capable of cutting everything. He was tamed by the director of the Demonic Corporation, thanks to which the killings in London stopped.
- 2008 - Kuroshitsuji In several episodes, the heroes investigate the famous case. It was based on the "female version" of the killer.
- 2008–2009 - “ Soul Eater ”. In the first series of anime, the main characters fight the monstrous Jack the Ripper.
- 2009 - Hell Blade Manhwa . The action takes place in 1888 in London, intimidated by Jack the Ripper.
- 2011 - in the anime "Nabunagun" there is a character that contains the X-genes of Jack the Ripper. The character bears the appropriate name and uses in his arsenal surgical instruments. In battle, he uses the "Dismemberment" tactic.
- 2012 - to the present. Manga " Skip beat ". The main character, the actor Tsuruga Wren, is removed in the series under the name Cain Hill and plays the role of Jack the Ripper.
- 2015 - In the blood bank manga, there is a vampire character who creates humanity (now from a vampire and a child) and lives in slums . He calls himself Jack the Ripper (2 volume 25 chapter). The screen version of this manga is missing.
- 2017 - in the anime Fate / Apocrypha as Black Assassin. Presented in the form of a little girl , whose master is a former courtesan. To fill the energy eats the hearts of magicians, but before that there were ordinary victims, dissected and without a heart.
See also
- Jack-changer
- Woodcutter from New Orleans
- Zodiac (killer)
- "The Bedroom of the Jack the Ripper, " a picture of Walter Sickert (1860-1942), the alleged Jack the Ripper
Notes
- ↑ Writing by:
Russian Orographic Dictionary / Ed. V. V. Lopatina , O. E. Ivanova. - 4th ed., Corr. and add. - M .: AST-Press Book, 2013. - P. 164. - ISBN 978-5-462-01272-3 . ;
§ 123.2 // Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation . Complete Academic Reference / Ed. V. V. Lopatin. - M., 2009. - Jack A Jack the Ripper Suspect - Leather Apron
- ↑ Kershen, Anne J., "The Immigrant Community of the Whitechapel of the Jack the Ripper Murders", in Werner, pp. 65-97; Vaughan, Laura, Mapping the East End Labyrinth, in Werner, p. 225
- Charles Life and Labor in London (London: Macmillan, 1902-1903) (The Charles Booth on-line archive) retrieved 5 August 2008
- ↑ Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell , p. one; Police report dated 25 October 1888, MEPO 3/141 ff. 158-163, quoted in Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook , p. 283; Fido, p. 82; Rumbelow, p. 12
- ↑ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History , pp. 131–149; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 38-42; Rumbelow, pp. 21-22
- ↑ Marriott, John, “The Imaginative Geography of the Whitechapel Murders,” in Werner, pp. 31-63
- Haggard, Robert F. (1993), “Jack the Ripper”, Essays in History , vol. 35, Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia
- ↑ Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 60-61; Rumbelow, pp. 24-27
- ↑ Rumbelow, p. 42
- ↑ Marriott, pp. 26-29; Rumbelow, p. 42
- ↑ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History , p. 153; Cook, p. 163; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook , p. 98; Marriott, pp. 59-75
- ↑ Stewart Evans and Keith Skinner (2001) Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell (eng.)
- ↑ Stewart Evans and Donald Rumbelow (2006) Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates (English)
- ↑ Stewart Evans and Keith Skinner (2001) Jack the Ripper: Letters From Hell : 29-44
- ↑ DiGrazia, Christopher-Michael. Another Look at the Lusk Kidney (Undefeated) // Ripper Notes. - 2000. - March.
- ↑ “Was it Jill the Ripper?” At News.com.au
- ↑ Donald McCormick, The Identity of Jack the Ripper, Jarrolds, 1959
- ↑ William Stewart, Jack the Ripper: A New Theory, Quality Press, 1939
- ↑ "DNA hints at Jill the Ripper," Jade Bilowol, The Australian, May 17, 2006
- ↑ Casebook - suspects - prince albert victor
- ↑ In Britain, identified the identity of Jack the Ripper
- ↑ A new version of Jack the Ripper was put forward, which explains the oddities of his case // NEWSru.com , 05/09/12
- ↑ Nick Enoch , Jacqueline the Ripper? The most recent serial killer was actually a WOMAN // The Daily Mail , 08.05.2012
- ↑ Jakubowski, 2008 , 359.
- ↑ The most famous maniac in the world was a Jew
- ↑ British scientist declassified Jack the Ripper // Lenta.ru , 09/07/2014
- ↑ British detective stated that he established the identity of Jack the Ripper // RIA Novosti , 07.09.2014
- Wards↑orwardswardswards WOR WOR Jack the R DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify identify years years 126 The Daily Mail (September 6, 2014). The appeal date is September 8, 2014.
- The Jack the Ripper used to make it possible to identify Britain’s most notorious criminal 126 years after the string of terrible murders // The Daily Mail , 7 September 2014
- Wards Edwards R. Naming Jack the Ripper.— Sydney: Sidgwick & Jackson, 2014.— ISBN 978-0-283-07201-7
- ↑ The famous serial killer who was operating in the British capital in the late 1880s was a Polish immigrant . // NTV .
- Serial Connor S. Jack: Has serial killer's identity been revealed? (eng.) . // The Independent (7 September 2014). The appeal date is September 9, 2014.
- ↑ Bodman SL Jack the Ripper finally identified by DNA? Maybe, maybe not ... (eng.) . // OregonLive (6 September 2014). The appeal date is September 9, 2014.
- ↑ Johnson P. Is Jack The Ripper Aaron Kosminski? Er, no, says expert Mike Covell (English) (inaccessible link) . // Hull Daily Mail (8 September 2014). The date of circulation is September 8, 2014. Archived September 10, 2014.
- ↑ Why Vincent Van Gogh and Jack the Ripper can be the same person
- ↑ Louhelainen J., Miller D. Forensic Investigation of the Shawl Linked to the Jack the Ripper Murders. // Journal of Forensic Sciences . 2019 DOI : 10.1111 / 1556-4029.14038 PMID 30859587
- ↑ Salkova A. Killer - hairdresser: the identity of Jack the Ripper was established // Gazeta.ru , 03/18/2019
- ↑ Adam D. Does the Ripper reveal? // Science , 03/15/2019 DOI : 10.1126 / science.aax3500
- ↑ Denis Meikle. Jack the Ripper: The Murders and the Movies. Reynolds & Hearn, 2002. ISBN 1-903111-32-3
- ↑ Jack The Ripper
- ↑ Jack The Ripper
- ↑ Sherlock Holmes vs Jack the Ripper
Literature
- in Russian
- Sugden F. . Jack the Ripper's complete story = The Ripper. from English .. - M . : Terra , 2001. - 544 p. - (The sleep of reason gives birth to monsters). - ISBN 5-300-02800-2 .
- in other languages
- Begg P. . Jack the Ripper: The Facts . - Pavilion Books, 2013. - 300 p. - ISBN 1-86105-687-7 .
- Begg P. , Fido M. , Skinner K. . The Jack the Ripper AZ. - Headline, 1996. - 519 p. - ISBN 0-7472-5522-9 .
- Edwards R. Naming Jack The Ripper: A New Crime Scene Evidence, A Stunning Forensic Breakthrough, The Killer Revealed . - Sydney: Sidgwick & Jackson, 2014. - ISBN 978-0-283-07201-7 .
- Evans SP , Skinner K. . Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell . - The History Press, 2013. - 320 p. - ISBN 0-7509-2549-3 .
- Evans SP , Skinner K. . The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook . - Hachette UK, 2013. - 704 p. - ISBN 0-7867-0768-2 .
- Evans SP , Rumbelow D. . Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates . - The History Press, 2013. - 320 p. - ISBN 0-7509-4228-2 .
- Jakubowski. The Mammoth Book of Jack the Ripper . - Robinson, 2008. - 512 p. - ISBN 978-1-8490-1526-4 .
- Jenkins JP Jack the Ripper // Britannica .
- Louhelainen J., Miller D. Forensic Investigation of the Shawl Linked to the Jack the Ripper Murders. // Journal of Forensic Sciences . 2019 DOI : 10.1111 / 1556-4029.14038
- Odell R. Ripperology: A Study of the World's First Serial Killer and a Literary Phenomenon . - Kent State University Press, 2006. - 272 p. - ISBN 0-87338-861-5 .
- Rumbelow D. . The Complete Jack the Ripper . - Random House, 2016. - 384 p.
- The Mammoth Book of Jack the Ripper / Eds. Maxim Jakubowski , Nathan Braund. - Hachette UK, 2008. - 512 p.
Links
- Casebook: Jack the Ripper
- Discussing homicide investigations attributed to Jack the Ripper
- A modern analysis of Jack the Ripper. Translation of the monograph by J. Douglas FBI
- Images and transcripts of letters whose authorship is supposed to belong to Jack the Ripper
- Public organization investigating the case of Jack the Ripper. Once every two months, meetings of this society are held in London. There is a newsletter
- In the footsteps of the killer: from the first to the last victim of the Ripper (inaccessible link)