Mamluk dynasty ( Persian سلطنت مملوک , Hindi ग़ुलाम ख़ानदान ) is the Mamluk dynasty that ruled in the Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1290. The founder is Qutbud din Aibak .
| Mamluk dynasty | |
|---|---|
 Delhi Sultanate at Iltutmish | |
| A country | Delhi Sultanate |
| Founder | Qutb ad Din Aibak |
| The last ruler | Shams ad-din kayumars |
| Year of foundation | 1206 |
| Bias | 1290 |
| Nationality | turks |
| Titles | |
| Delhi Sultan | |
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Delhi Sultans from the Mamluk Dynasty
- 3 notes
- 4 Sources
History
Mamluk literally means “belonging”. The Mamluks were soldiers recruited from youth slaves. Young men converted to Islam, studied Arabic and practiced in closed boarding camps. In the 9th century, the Mamluks gradually became a powerful military caste, which played an important role in Egypt, the Levant, Iraq and India. Muhammad Guri died in 1206, and his sultanate was divided into many parts, one of which went to Qutb ad-Din Aibak. Qutb, after a brief power struggle, declared himself ruler of Afghanistan and North India (including present-day Pakistan). However, his rule was short-lived, in 1210 he died, and his son passed on power to his son Aram Shah . In 1211, Iltutmish , the governor of Badown and the son-in-law of Qutb-ud-Din, went on a campaign to Delhi, defeated and captured Aram Shah and ascended the throne.
The Sultanate, led by Iltutmish, established good relations with the Abbasid caliphate and maintained the independence of India from the Mongols [1] . After 30 years of civil strife following the death of Iltutmish, Giyas ad-din Balban ascended the throne, who successfully defended the sultanate from warlike Rajputs and Mongols [2] .
The Mamluk dynasty ruled until Jalal ad-din Firuz Halji overthrew Muizz ad-din Kai-Kubad , grandson of Balban [2] .
The Delhi Sultans of the Mamluk Dynasty
| No. | Throne name | Title | Years of rule | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| one | Qutb ad Din Aibak | Malik Lahore Sultan Delhi | 1192 - 1206 1206 - 1210 | Founder of the dynasty. Born in Afghanistan, was a representative of the Turkmen Khalaj tribe. Died while playing polo in Lahore. |
| 2 | Aram Shah | the sultan | 1210 - 1211 | The son of Qutbud-din Aibak. |
| 3 | Shams ad Din Iltutmish | the sultan | 1211 - 1236 | A Turk from a noble family, but in early childhood was sold into slavery. He was married to the daughter of Qutbud-din Aibak |
| four | Rukn ad-din Firuz Shah I | the sultan | 1236 | The son of Iltutmish and his wife Shah-Turkan. During the life of his father was his deputy in Lahore. He was enthroned by a nobility who did not want to recognize Razia the Sultan as ruler. Rules 28 days. |
| 5 | Razia Sultan | sultana | 1236 - 1240 | The first female ruler in the history of medieval India. |
| 6 | Muizz ad-din Bahram Shah | the sultan | 1240 - 1242 | |
| 7 | Ala ad-Din Masud Shah | the sultan | 1242 - 1246 | |
| 8 | Nasir ad-Din Mahmoud Shah I | Malik Bengal the sultan | 1227 - 1229 1246 - 1265 | |
| 9 | Guillas ad-din Balban | Malik Bengal the sultan | 1259 - 1260 1265 - 1287 | In his youth, the Balban was captured by the Mongols, then sold into slavery to Iltutmishu. When Iltutmish was engaged in strengthening the power of the sultanate in various provinces of the empire. He conducted a military reform that increased the combat effectiveness of the army. Around 1279, defeated the Mongols in upper Punjab. |
| 10 | Muizz ad-din Kai-Kubad | the sultan | 1287 - 1289 | |
| eleven | Shams ad-din kayumars | the sultan | 1289 - 1290 |
Notes
- ↑ Anzalone, 2008 , p. one hundred.
- ↑ 1 2 Anzalone, 2008 , p. 101.
Sources
- Anzalone, Christopher. Delhi Sultanate / Ackermann, ME etc. - Encyclopedia of World History, vol. 2. - Facts on File, 2008. - S. 100–101. - ISBN 978-0-8160-6386-4 .
- Dynastic Chart The Imperial Gazetteer of India , v. 2, p. 368.
