Sergei Ivanovich Chetverikov ( 1850 , Przemysl - 1929 , Chardonne ( Eng. Chardonne ), Switzerland) - Russian industrialist, public figure, philanthropist.
| Sergey Ivanovich Chetverikov | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Przemysl , Russian empire |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Switzerland |
| Citizenship |  Russian empire |
| Occupation | industrialist , public figure , philanthropist |
| Children | |
Content
Biography
The Chetverikov entrepreneurial dynasty began with his grandfather, Ivan Vasilyevich, who founded the cloth factory in the Settlements on the Klyazma River ( Bogorodsky district of Moscow province) in 1831 .
In 1867, S. I. Chetverikov graduated from the 3rd Moscow real gymnasium , which did not give the right to enter the university without passing additional exams in the classical gymnasium program [1] . He was versatilely gifted, was fond of music and for forty years was a member of the Russian Musical Society. After the death of his father, in 1871 he headed a family enterprise - the Gorodischensky Cloth Factory; re-equipped it according to Western European standards, revised the system of relations between the owner and the workers: reduced the working day at the factory from 12 to 9 hours without reducing wages, canceled night work for women and adolescents, founded a factory school, introduced piece-rate wages. Later, in 1907, he was one of the first in the world and the first in Russia to introduce the American system of partnership, making workers part in the profits of the factory. They deducted 20% to them, and to masters and senior employees 10% of net profit [2] .
In 1893, after the tragic death of the famous Moscow mayor N. A. Alekseev , he took his place and became chairman of the board of the Vladimir Alekseev Partnership and Danilov worsted spinning mill. In 1908, he organized a sheep husbandry in Siberia [3] , from where wool began to come to Moscow enterprises, surpassing Australian in quality - the recognized world leader in merino sheep farming.
After Bloody Sunday, January 9, 1905, on his initiative, a telegram was sent to Nicholas II on behalf of Moscow's commercial and industrial circles in protest against the execution of workers. Together with S.T. Morozov and P.P. Ryabushinsky, he prepared a note for the government on the need for fundamental political reforms ensuring freedom of speech, press, unions, and conscience.
S. I. Chetverikov was a member of the Moscow Exchange Society and a vowel of the Moscow City Duma, was a member of the Moscow branch of the Council of Trade and Manufactures, the Moscow metropolitan and provincial presences for factory affairs, and was a fellow chairman of the board of the Moscow Commercial Institute; was a member of the Moscow Society for the Promotion of Commercial Education .
One of the founders and a member of the Central Committee of the Union on October 17 (1906), since 1912 - a member of the Central Committee of the Progressive Party [4] . In the III State Duma, Chetverikov is one of the leaders of the progressive faction, a member of the Central Committee of the Moscow department. In 1908, in the brochure "Community and Property" [5], he supported the agrarian program of P. A. Stolypin .
After the October Revolution, he led a delegation that sought the liberation of A. I. Konovalov and S. N. Tretyakov from the Peter and Paul Fortress. In the winter of 1918 he was arrested, in early 1919 he spent several days on death row in the Lubyanka, awaiting execution. After the "imprisonment" Sergey Ivanovich lost his hearing, having lost his main joy in life - music. His daughter Maria Sergeyevna was able in 1922 to obtain permission to take her father to Switzerland, where her family lived. In exile, S. I. Chetverikov wrote articles, worked on memoirs (“Russia Irrevocably Left”. - Berlin, 1922).
He died in December 1929 in Chardonnay, near Vevey (Switzerland).
Family
Wife: Maria Aleksandrovna Alekseeva, the sister of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Alekseev , Moscow mayor, and cousin of K. S. Stanislavsky [6] .
Children:
- Ivan (1875-1945). First wife Ekaterina Peltzer (09/23/1878-1962), 2nd wife of Jozef Gorska from Warsaw. He apparently died in Warsaw. He was buried in Berlin near the city of Tegel [7] .
- Sergey (1880-1959) - an outstanding scientist (biology, genetics). Repressed [8] .
- Nikolai (07 (19) .10.1885 - 05.01.1973) - mathematician, specialist in statistics. Helped brother Sergey to process genetic research data. Repressed [9] . Professor of Moscow State University. Wife Vera Alekseevna Saverina (1886-1929 or 1934?) [7] .
- Maria - emigrated with her parents, after Maykov’s husband [10]
Notes
- ↑ It is alleged that he still completed a course of practical work at the Miller’s office in St. Petersburg.
- ↑ Yuri Petrov - Sergey Ivanovich Chetverikov: “Autocracy in Russia should not be identified with the right of tsarist servants to disregard the opinion of the people”
- ↑ The Vladimir Alekseev Partnership rented land in the North Caucasus on which there was a sheep farm that supplied fine wool for the Danilov worsted spinning mill. In 1908, the rental period was not renewed; it was not possible to find new pastures in European Russia and therefore Chetverikov took a risk: he decided to raise sheep in Siberia, having organized in 1909 in the Yenisei province , the Partnership of Siberian Sheep-Breeding Economies Vl. Alekseev and Chetverikov "; January 1, 1910 S.I. Chetverikov created the " Uchum sheep-breeding capitalist economy."
- ↑ Encyclopedia "Fatherland".
- ↑ Lavyorychev V. Ya. On the other side of the barricades. - M., 1967. - S. 62
- ↑ Chetverikov S. S. Problems of General Genetics and Biology (memoirs, articles, lectures) - Novosibirsk: Science. Sib. Department, 1983.- S. 42.
- ↑ 1 2 From the collection Entropy of Death. "My fortresses, you woolen ones ..." (excerpts) (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Sergey Sergeevich Chetverikov. Open list
- ↑ Nikolai Sergeevich Chetverikov. Open list
- ↑ Chetverikov S. I. "Irrevocably departed Russia." - Berlin, 1922.
Literature
- Chetverikov Sergey Ivanovich / V. M. Shevyrin // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vol.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- S. I. Chetverikov // Political history of Russia in parties and individuals / comp. V.V. Shelokhaev. - M .: Terra , 1994 .-- S. 271-290. - 304 p. - 1,500 copies - ISBN 5-85255-622-X .
Links
- S.I. Chetverikov and pos. Zlatorunovsk
- Chetverikov Sergey Ivanovich on the Chronos website