Golovin, Peter Petrovich (d. 1654)

In 1638, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich appointed Peter Petrovich Golovin as the first governor in Lensky Ostrog , the future of Yakutsk . His assistants were appointed stolnik Matvey Bogdanovich Glebov (second governor) and clerk Efim Filatov. They received an order "to look after the arable and hayfields along the Lena River, to order the collection of yasak, the construction of prison camps and the opening of new lands ." In November 1639, the stolniks P.P. Golovin and M. B. Glebov arrived in Yeniseisk , where they remained until the middle of the summer of 1640 . In July 1641, governors Pyotr Golovin and Matvey Glebov with a detachment of Cossacks (395 people) and 5 priests arrived in Lensky Ostrog. During the transfer of authority to them, the voivode promised to “ repair the truth in all reprisals ”, “to protect oneself ” and “ to steal thieves from theft ”. However, in reality, the first governor Pyotr Petrovich Golovin was distinguished by cruelty towards foreigners and Russian inhabitants of the prison.

In the first year of the province of P.P. Golovin, the Lensky prison was flooded during the flood of the Lena River. The voivode sent the written head of Vasily Poyarkov “ over many natural sites ” to look for a new place to move the fortress. V.D. Poyarkov arrived on Eyukov meadow, which was found " under the cautious place the most luchsh and poser ." In 1643, the Lensky prison was moved to a new place, on the left bank of the Lena, in the Tuymaada valley, to the Saysary lake. Ostrog became a city and was named Yakutsk .

In February 1642, a major uprising of the Yakuts broke out. Kangalasians, Germans, Betunians, Borogons, Meghins, Amghins and Odeyds participated in the riot. At the head of the uprising were Otkuri, Bozek and their brothers, Toyons of the Kangalass Eyuk Nikin and Namsky Mysmakh. The cause of the uprising was the actions of the Yakut governor Peter Golovin and his collectors of yasak, as well as scribes. Golovin ordered a census of the yasak population to streamline the collection of yasak. However, the Yakuts misunderstood the actions of the voivode - he intends to take away all their livestock from them, and perhaps even destroy them themselves.

The rebels defeated and destroyed several small detachments of Russian yasak collectors. At the same time, Russian industrialists who were in the fields were killed. The uprising swept many parts of Yakutia. In early March 1642, the Yakuts (more than 700 people) approached Yakutsk and tried to besiege it. Due to disagreements, the Yakut Toyons soon lifted the siege from the prison and retreated to their uluses. In April-May, Golovin, receiving reinforcements, ruthlessly crushed the uprising and, after numerous tortures, hanged 23 people in the prison. “ Best people ” were killed from all the uluses, the sons of Tygyn , many Yakut prison camps were burned along with their inhabitants.

During the Yakut uprising, Golovin quarreled with his comrades. His assistants, the second governor Matvey Bogdanovich Glebov and clerk Efim Filatov, apparently disagreeing with his methods of asserting the Yasak regime, opposed P.P. Golovin. By order of the first governor, Glebov and Filatov, together with their families, were arrested and imprisoned. Many service and industrial people were also thrown into prison. Glebov spent two years in prison. Peter Golovin accused his comrades of treason, as if they had urged the Yakuts to raid Yakutsk in order to “beat the boyar’s children and service people, as well as to persuade them to kill Golovin himself.” The tsarist government instructed the Yenisei governor V.N. Pushkin to investigate the actions of Golovin. Yakut residents filed a “ mundane ” petition to Pushkin, in which they wrote that Glebov and Filatov suffered innocently, as Golovin “made various tortures and torments so that their people and some Yakuts would charge them with the charges invented by Golovin .”

In 1643, the governor Golovin imprisoned his closest assistant, the written head of Enaley Bakhteyarov , who returned from the expedition, thanks to which for the first time it became known about the Amur River , the Zeya River, Shilka and Daur . Later this was accidentally learned in Yeniseisk and reported to Moscow. By the will of the tsar, a special investigation was appointed, which found out the absolute innocence of E. L. Bakhteyarov. In July 1643, Golovin sent a large detachment of Cossacks (133 men) to the Amur River with a cannon led by another written head, Vasily Poyarkov . The governor allocated them from the treasury a ship's tool, canvas, peepers, ammunition, as well as copper cauldrons and basins, cloth and beads for exchange trade with the natives.

In September 1644, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich appointed Vasily Nikitich Pushkin and Cyril Osipovich Suponev as the new governors in Yakutsk, instructing them to “ carry out a search about Golovin’s actions ”. In 1645, by royal decree, P. P. Golovin, M. B. Glebov, and E. Filatov were sent into custody from Yakutsk to Moscow. As a result of a lengthy investigation of the second governor, Matvey Glebov and clerk Efim Filatov were found not guilty.

In March 1654, Golovin participated in Moscow in the consideration of the Pereyaslavl treaty with Bogdan Khmelnitsky , and was referred to as the okolnichny and governor of Kashirsky.

In 1654, the roundabout Peter Petrovich Golovin died, leaving behind his four sons (Ivan, Mikhail , Alexei and Demid).

• Ivanov V.N. Census of 1642 in the Yakutsk district and its role in the linguistic taxation // Sat. "Yakut archive". Yakutsk, 1964.
• Ivanov V.N. Yakutia as part of the Russian state (XVII century). Yakutsk, 2002.

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