Govsan

Govsan is located on the south coast of the Absheron Peninsula . In the northeast, it is adjacent to Bina , and in the east, with Turkan . To the west it is located Zikh , and to the northwest - Surahani and Karachukhur .

In the pre-revolutionary period, according to the then spelling , the name of this settlement was differently conveyed. In one literature it was simply referred to as Ghousan ^{[2] [3]} , in the other one can see not only a double spelling - Govsan (Khouzan) ^{[4] [5]} , but even a triple one - Ghousan (Gevzan, Khousan) ^[6] .

In the " Caucasian calendar " for 1856, its name is given in the alphabet of the local language (ﺣﻮﺻﺎﻥ) ^[2] , which can be read in Russian, like Khousan or Khovsan .

Gowsan was part of the Baku Khanate ^[7] , which in 1806 became part of the Russian Empire .

By the highest decree of December 14, 1846, the Shamakhi province was formed. Govsan belonged to the Mashtaginsky site of this province ^[2] . Some information about the three southeastern Absheron villages ( Zira , Turkan and Govsan) was left by K. Spassky-Avtonomov, who wrote in 1851 the following (spelling preserved):

Selenіya: Zira, Turkent and Gousan are located on the southern coast of the peninsula, on a flat, not far from each other, along the road from the very tip of the peninsula, i.e., Cape Absheron - Baku. Of these, Zirah is distinguished by processing and growing the best melons, and Gousan - onions; they have one mosque each and more than 100 houses of population ^[8] .

After the devastating Shamakhi earthquake of 1859 , the provincial institutions were transferred to Baku, and the province was renamed to Baku . Subsequently, Govsan is listed among the settlements of the Baku district of the province of the same name ^{[4] [5] [9]} .

It was a state village ^{[4] [5]} . In the 1880s, Govsan constituted a separate Ghousan Rural Society ^[6] .

In 1923, the Ordzhonikidze district of the city of Baku was formed (center - Surahani ) ^[10] . As of January 1, 1961, the Govsan Village Council ( village council ) belonged to this urban area, which included only one settlement - the village of Govsan ^[10] . As of January 1, 1977, Govsan was the only settlement already in the Govsan settlement council of the Ordzhonikidze district of Baku ^[11] .

XIX century

According to the “ Caucasian calendar ” for 1856 Govsan was inhabited by “Tatars” - Shiites (that is, Shiite Azerbaijanis ) who spoke “Tatar” (that is , Azerbaijani ) among themselves ^[2] .

According to the lists of settlements of the Baku province from 1870 , compiled according to the desk description of the province from 1859 to 1864, there were 169 courtyards and 755 residents (407 men and 348 women), consisting of “Tatars” Shiites (Shiite Azerbaijanis) ) ^[4] .

According to 1873, published in the Collection of Information on the Caucasus published in 1879 under the editorship of N. K. Seidlitz , the population of the village increased and amounted to 808 residents (463 men and 345 women, a total of 181 yards), also “Tatars” - Shiites (Shiite Azerbaijanis) ^[5] .

The materials of the family lists for 1886 show 1026 inhabitants (556 men and 470 women; 187 smokes) in Govsan and all the “Tatars” are Shiites (Shiite Azerbaijanis), of which 1022 are peasants on state land (554 men and 468 women; 186 smokes) and 4 representatives of the Shiite clergy (two men and two women) ^[6] .

XX century

In one of the statistical sheets attached to the Review of the Baku Province for 1902 and showing the national composition of the indigenous population of the settlements of the Baku Province by January 1, 1903, 192 smokes and 1140 souls of both sexes (600 male souls and 540 female souls) are indicated for Govsan ), "Tatars" (Azerbaijanis) by nationality ^[9] .

According to the "Caucasian calendar" for 1904, based on the data of the statistical committees of the Caucasus region, in Hovsan there were 1,026 inhabitants, mainly "Tatars" (Azerbaijanis) ^[3] .

According to the Azerbaijan agricultural census of 1921, Gowsan was inhabited by 1355 people and mainly Turks (that is, Azerbaijanis), and the population consisted of 704 men (59 of them literate) and 651 women, while six more were absent (all absent were in the Red Army) ^{[12 ]} . The Soviet Iranian B.V. Miller , who examined the Tat in 1928, stated that some of the Govsan Turks (Govsan Azerbaijanis) came from the Shahsevens , but at that time the overwhelming majority in Khousan were Tats and the Balakhans told him that the Tatian dialect of the Surakhans was closer to to the dialects of villages like Howsan ^[13] .