Forced labor - the performance of work under the threat of any punishment (violent impact).
According to international law, forced labor does not include:
- work, the fulfillment of which is stipulated by the legislation on military duty and military service or alternative civil service replacing it;
- work performed in emergency situations ;
- work performed as a result of a court verdict that has entered into legal force.
The prohibition of forced labor is established:
- By the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , articles 4, 23 (December 10, 1948)
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights , Article 8 (December 16, 1966)
- European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms , Article 4 (November 4, 1950)
- Slavery Convention (September 25, 1926)
- Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (September 7, 1956)
- International Labor Organization Convention No. 29 concerning Forced and Compulsory Labor (May 1, 1932)
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation , Articles 34, 37
- Labor Code of the Russian Federation , Article 2.4
Content
History
One form of forced labor is slavery . It is associated with the absolute control of one person over another. After the prohibition of slavery in the 19th and 20th centuries, such forms of forced labor as debt bondage were widely practiced in colonial and developing countries. The massive use of forced labor by states was carried out during and after the Second World War .
Main forms now
- Forced prostitution ( sexual slavery )
- Abductions of people (usually homeless, unemployed, lonely) and their use as slaves.
- The use of military personnel in work not related to military service.
- Forcing prisoners to work not related to the tasks of rehabilitation and maintaining order in places of deprivation of liberty.
- Involvement in work not included in official duties, as well as violation of other labor laws under the threat of violence or punishment (dismissal).
At present, in Russia, the employer has the right not to sign an employee’s notice of intention to quit the company, thereby forcing him to work under the threat of dismissal for absenteeism. [one]
See also
- Ostarbeiters
- The use of forced labor of the German civilian population in the USSR
- Forced labor of the Hungarians in the USSR
- Military construction troops
- Rear militia
- Labor armies
- Potato (harvest)
- Fruit and vegetable base
Notes
- ↑ Who is responsible for forced labor? HR-Portal (April 6, 2012). Date of treatment October 19, 2016.