Viral envelope

The shell, as a rule, consists of fragments of the host cell membranes ( phospholipids and proteins ), but also contains viral glycoproteins . The viral envelope is used to facilitate the penetration of the virus into the host cell . Glycoproteins on the surface of the membrane serve to identify and link the virus to a specific cellular receptor on the membrane of the host cell. Later, the viral envelope merges with the host membrane, allowing the capsid and viral genome to penetrate and infect the host.

As a rule, a cell from which the virus buds itself either dies or is significantly weakened and for a long time releases new viral particles. The lipid bilayer of these viruses is quite sensitive to drying, elevated temperature and disinfecting agents, therefore, such viruses are easier to sterilize than uncoated viruses, they survive worse outside the host cell and are usually transmitted from host to host. But enveloped viruses have tremendous adaptability, change rapidly and can quickly escape the immune system . Shell viruses can cause renewable infections .

Classes of enveloped viruses, among which there are human pathogens :

DNA viruses

• Herpes viruses
• Poxviruses
• Hepatadaviruses

RNA viruses

• Bunyavirales
• Flaviviridae
• Togaviruses
• Coronaviruses
• Hepatitis delta virus
• Orthomyxoviruses
• Paramyxoviruses
• Rabdoviruses ^[2]
• Filoviruses

Shelled viruses also include retroviruses .

• Virus Structure (neopr.) . Molecular Expressions: Images from the Microscope. Date of treatment June 27, 2007. Archived February 6, 2013.