Melguns

Melguns in pre-revolutionary Russia

The village of Melguny is one of the oldest villages in the Mordovia region. Unfortunately, the village’s founding date has not been preserved; all that is known is that it was between 1770-1775.

However, according to documents of the Tambov Region Office of Culture and Archival Affairs, peasants of the Melgunov volost in 1886, when plowing a hill 4 versts from the village of Melguny and 2 versts from the village of Politovo, 2 stone women were found dating back to the 7th-10th centuries. This suggests that somewhere in the area were ancient Mordovian settlements . Approximately in 1775, Peter Melgunov, a senator, nobleman, army general of the Russian Empire, received land on the left bank of the Bityug River.

He brought here peasants from the northern provinces of Russia: Yaroslavl, St. Petersburg and others. With his own money, he built a church,

consecrated on the day of the Intercession, which is why it is called the Intercession. The village was called the name of the owner - Melguny. The first mention of the village dates back to 1782. In the census of church workers in the Ottoman district. It says that there is a church in the village, and all religious rituals there are performed by the deacon Job Platonov. In 1811, the revision tale book stated that in the village of Melguny, college adviser Avdotya Lyubtsova owned 243 souls.

The son of P. Melgunov sells his estate to Prince Dmitry Petrovich Volkonsky. S. Melguny became the center of his patrimony. It included villages: Shulgino, Akhmatovo, Nikolskoye, Dmitrievka and Peschanovka ( Melgunovskaya volost ). The new owner changed the name of his central estate. The village became known as Pokrovskoe - according to the Pokrovskaya church. By the end of 1834 on the estate

there were already 1106 people of peasants and yard people. At the end of the 19th century, Prince Volkonsky, according to the stories of old-timers, lost the estate of Pokrovsky to the cards of Count Anatoly Vladimirovich Orlov-Davydov. From his estate belonged to his son Count Aleksey Anatolyevich Orlov-Davydov - a philanthropist, a member of Masonic lodges. With him, the central estate expanded and flourished. 2 beautiful gardens were planted: under the hill and near the church. A nut grove was also planted. Greenhouses were placed under the hill. Various vegetables were grown in them: potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers and more. Some of them were distributed free of charge to peasants. Farms were built on the outskirts of Mordovo, and numerous herds of cattle walked west of them. To process products in the estate, a creamery was built. It was in the estate and the granary. There was also a huge sheep farm for the winter keeping of sheep. Further to the west, at a distance of about 1 kilometer, summer farms were built - nightmares. For the working oxen on which the land was plowed, oxen were built. All manure from them was taken to the fields. All this was controlled by the German Mendler Fedor Fedorovich. Under his leadership, the economy strengthened, expanded, improved. Soon, repair shops were erected, as agricultural machinery began to be acquired. It was at that time the newest: American John Hole threshers, English Advance Rupel with locomobiles, Fordson and Caterpillar tractors with a six - eight-man plow, sheaves, headers. Subsequently, all this equipment was saved and worked at the Reconstructor state farm, which had already been created under Soviet power. The village had its own bakery and forge. The lighting in the estate was electric, which made it possible to build a two-story mill instead of a burnt water mill standing on the Bityug River. Not far from it, a spring flows and flows. The people considered him a saint for his miraculous properties. In the dry season, people went to him and prayed. As soon as he crossed the threshold of the house, it immediately began to rain. But back to the description of rural agriculture. At the count 2 wooden bridges were laid across the Bityug river. Near them in the houses lived watchmen and trackmen. Moreover, by the last name of the lineman, the population still calls one of the bridges - the Roman Bridge (it will subsequently be replaced by an iron bridge, but the name will remain the same). In front of the bridges stood three icebreakers. Thus, the village reached full self-sufficiency. Unofficially, the village was divided into two parts: the lordly, where the master and all his servants lived, and the peasant's, where the peasants lived. It is also worth noting that from the church to the master’s house, and then to the Bityug river, there was an underground passage, the walls, the floor and ceiling of which were surrounded by marble slabs. A closed room adjoined to it - a crypt. The dead priests were buried in it. It is also known that some famous woman was buried there, with a monument in the church garden. Bityug River had pools, the walls and bottom of which were decorated with marble slabs. For peasant children, the lord built a school in the village, which had already burned down in Soviet times. The appearance of the estate was also beautiful; it was surrounded by a marble wall. According to old-timers, the peasants lived well with the master. Almost every family had a cow, sheep, hens. There was no food in the house only for those who did not want to work. It is worth noting the family of Yakov Mikhailovich Mogilev - an ordinary peasant, who made all his labor. At the disposal of his family was a mill, a garden, a shop, not to mention cattle.

Every year on December 31, the lady gathered all the children of the village, they all dressed up the Christmas tree and celebrated the New Year. In the village of Melguny, the construction also affected

Novo-Pokrovsky sugar factory in Novopokrovka . In Melguny houses were built, made of pine beams, fastened without a single nail. Outside they were lined with bricks, the roof was covered with iron sheets. The houses had fireplaces lined with imported Dutch and German bricks, lined with Belarusian refractory tiles. In these houses simple workers of factories did not live, only engineers or shop managers. For the transportation of beets from the fields, a railway was built linking the sugar factory, the village of Melguny, Center. The Department. State farm named after Lenin, ending at the Shulgin crossroads. It was disassembled in 1959, and to repair steam locomotives in the village. Melguns a depot was built. By the way, Vladimir Konstantinovich Roerich, brother of the famous Russian artist Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich, was engaged in the construction of the railway here. He lived in the village of Melguny.

Under Soviet

With the advent of Soviet power, the life of the village, like the life of the whole country, changed dramatically. People united in gangs, because they did not want to accept Soviet power. Communists Kuklo A.V., Dolbin and others, Komsomol members Sergey Lyakhov, Zueva and other workers of the Novopokrovsky sugar factory took part in their defeat. With the final advent of Soviet power on the Melgunov volost, large-scale dispossession was carried out. Melgunovskaya volost was disbanded. In its place, the Melgunovsky Village Council arose, the center of which was later moved to Novopokrovka. Until 1923 the church continued its work. However, during this time, the father, worrying about his family, sent her to Voronezh. When the fate of the church became known, he decided to leave Melguny, in this he was helped by a peasant - Ilyin Joseph Egorovich. At night he took the priest on a horse to the station of Defense, dressed him in peasant clothes. The further fate of the priest is unknown. After some time, the Red Army entered the village. At removal, the church bell was broken. Many monuments were destroyed: an underground passage was littered, greenhouses and a creamery were destroyed, and so on. The village was forced to start the story from scratch. Hard times came for the village in the 1920s and 1950s. The children were starving, and their parents were forced to steal a bottle of grain from the fields, but if they came across, they were sent to prison. It was at this time that count's gardens and a nut grove were cut down into the furnace. In 1930, on the territory of the village of Melguny, the state farm "Reconstructor" was created, which existed until 1961.

In 1961, they held associations of collective farms in the villages: Melguny, Akhmatovo, Mikhailovka at the Novopokrovsky state farm. Melguny became part of the Kalinin branch. The area of ​​the branch was 2887.8 ha. Of these, 2020 hectares are arable land, 414.6 hectares are pastures, 106.4 hectares are household plots, 29.4 hectares are given for haymaking, 24.8 hectares are dry land, 41.9 hectares are orchards, 93.2 hectares forest belts, 15 ha - wetlands, 28.5 - under water, 20 ha - under roads, 73.3 - under buildings, courtyards, squares, 50.1 - other lands.

The department had an abundance of cattle, a total of 648 animals. Of these, cows - 480, horses - 50, and others - 118. For the irrigation of irrigated lands, 3 long-range jet and DDN sprinklers were used - 70. The area of ​​irrigated lands was 224.6 hectares. The source of irrigation was a pond on the Maleka beam. The volume of the pond at the NPU was equal to 558 thousand cubic meters. m. Also, irrigation was carried out with the Volzhanka sprinkler medium-jet unit and UDS - 25 sprinkler medium-jet unit. The main task of the Kalinin branch was the production of sugar beets, milk and grain. In Soviet times, a club was opened on the site of the church, burnt down in the nineties. According to his recollections, good amateur performances were conducted in it. A snack bar was built where various piece goods, vodka for bottling, cognac and much more were sold. There were two shops in the village, in one they sold products, in the other industrial goods, stables. There were also pigsties, MTF, a house. During the Second World War, there was a military registration and enlistment office in the village, the building of which later housed the Melgunovsky Village Council (later the Novopokrovsky Council ), and then the post office. Instead of the old burned-out school, a new one was built in 1979, called Kalinin. In Soviet times, parks were planted. In one, they even erected a monument to Lenin. But this could not be saved: everything except the Kalinin school ceased to exist in the 1990s.

Melguns today

Since 2007, the village began to gasify. Although it was not even included in the gasification program of the Mordovia region. But thanks to the efforts of the head of the Tambovgazification OJSC Fyodor Fyodorovich Shurygin, the head of the Novopokrovsky council Elena Vladimirovna Chulkova, the deputy head of the Novopokrovsky council Natalya Nikolaevna Naumova, the head of the administration of the Mordovian region Nikolai Vasilievich Korovin gasification of the village began, and already In December of the same year, 45 houses connected gas. Gasification continues to this day. In 2010, new water supply lines began to be constructed in the village, as the old ones were already outdated and were no good. The project cost was estimated at 14 million 639 thousand. 1% of this amount of the project was invested by the council, and the rest was invested by investors (the state). They planned to stretch 8.2 km, but 6.1 km, worth 7 million 620 thousand. The federal road Caspian-Zherdevka-Tokaryovka-Mordovo-Melguny-Volchki-Orel-Tambov passes through the village of Melguny. Technical category of the road 4. Asphalt. The maximum traffic intensity per day is 1086. A section of this road (Novopokrovka - Center. Department. State farm named after Lenin) was repaired in 2005. Buses stop in Melgun in the following directions.

• Tambov - Mordovo
• Tambov - Voronezh
• Mordovo - Stepnoy

In Melguny, there are 2 private shops, a club, a post office, FAP, a rural library, a Kalinin branch of the Novopokrovskaya Secondary School of Public Education, an elementary school.

• Vladimir Konstantinovich Roerich - biologist, in 1904-11 worked at the estate of Count A. A. Orlov-Davydov ^[2] . Brother of Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich
• Nikolai Melnichenko - lived here when he fled from the war with his native Ukraine. He was a Soviet engineer, one of the testers of the first nuclear weapon. He described a military village in his autobiographical book, "Yesterday ...".
• Alexander Romanovich Balbekin (1943-2015) - Soviet, Kyrgyz actor, director, writer; Honored Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR (1990).

The climate is temperate continental, with rather warm summers and cold, steady frosty winters. The average annual air temperature is 5 degrees. The temperature of the warmest month - July - is 20.2 degrees, and the coldest, with a temperature of −16.2 degrees, is January and February. The frost-free period is 140 days.

The village of Melguny is located on the territory of the Oka-Don plain. The terrain is slightly wavy crossed by a ravine-beam network. Water bodies of the village of Melguny are represented by the rivers Bityug , Plaskusha and Maleyka .

• In the village of Melguny, the Kalinin elementary school is currently operating.

• In 2017, a monument was erected to those who fell during the Great Patriotic War
• Work is underway to restore the Intercession Church

• Youth street.
• Lower street.
• Technical street.
• River street.
• Postal street.
• Medical street.
• Kalininskaya street.
• Field street.
• Meadow Street.
• Co-operative street.
• Soviet street.
• Zarechnaya street.
• Bright street.
• Sadovaya street.
• Uralskaya street.

The federal road Caspian-Zherdevka-Tokaryovka-Mordovo-Melguny-Volchki-Oryol-Tambov passes through the village of Melguny. Technical category of the road 4. Asphalt. The maximum traffic intensity per day is 1086.

Antonovschina