Zanjan khanate ( azerb. Zəncan xanlığı ) - a vassal khanate in the north-western territory of Iran (province of Azerbaijan ) in the XVIII - early XIX centuries. It was administratively part of the Zanjan province and the Azerbaijan Governor General [1] . The capital is Zanjan .
| Historical state | |
| Zanjan Khanate | |
|---|---|
| azerb. Zəncan xanlığı | |
1747 - 1810 | |
| Capital | Zanjan |
| Languages) | Azerbaijani and Persian |
| Religion | Islam |
| Population | Azerbaijanis |
Content
History
The formation of the Zanjan Khanate
Zulfikar Khan came from the Amirlu clan of the Turkic tribe Afshar. Nadir Shah received him very favorably and invited him to join his service. He was undoubtedly a talented, courageous and intelligent commander.
In June 1747, Nadir Shah was killed by the conspirators. After that, Iran plunged into the abyss of turmoil and civil strife for many years. Zulfikar Khan adopted the Khan's title. Zanjan turned into a khanate, which enjoyed, like the neighboring khanates , de facto independence with nominal recognition of the power of the weak Zend dynasty .
The historian Rustam al-Khukam Muhammad Hashim Asaf Isfahani in his work "Rustam at-tawarih" dedicated to the Safavids, Zendas and the first representatives of the Qajar dynasty and written during the reign of Fatah 'Ali Shah Kajar (1797-1834) reports that Zulfikar khan . Muhammad Hashim Isfahani gives the numbers of taxes levied on Zanjan, and provides some information about the ruler of Zanjan Zulfikar Khan and his relationship with Zenda.
Zulfikar Khan of 1780 was killed by Ali Murad Khan Zendom . Ali Khan who succeeded him reigned for only two years and died in March 1782 , after which Abdullah Khan Osanlu-Afshar became the new Zanjan khan.
The Zanjan khanate, until 1810, the khanate was semi-independent, constantly falling under the influence of powerful neighbors. In 1810 it was annexed by Persia and finally lost its independence.
Zanjan khans
- Zulfikar Khan Amirlu-Afshar , ( 1747 - 1780 )
- Ali Khan Zairlu-Afshar , ( 1780 - 1782 )
- Abdullah Khan Osanlu-Afshar , ( 1782 - 1797 )
- Amanullah Khan Afshar , ( 1797 - 1810 )
Economics and Culture
In connection with the geographical features of the region, the basis of the economy, in addition to trade, was carpet weaving and silk production. Also, due to the presence of large forest lands and pastures, cattle breeding developed.
Azerbaijani carpets stand out for their rich color, based on a combination of local intense tones. The ornament of Azerbaijani carpets varies depending on the type and place of production. So, for such carpets as “Cuba” , “Shirvan” , “Kazakh” , “Zanjan” complex geometric patterns are characteristic, which include schematic figures of animals and people, and figured polygonal or star medallions placed along one axis in the central field, others , such as “Tabriz” and “Karabakh” , a diverse floral ornament with an abundance of floral motifs is inherent. The aesthetic principle of the Azerbaijani carpet is embedded in the planar solution of “pictures”, the rhythm of the picture, the traditional division into the central field and the border, the laconic geometry of the elements. According to the famous American collector and art critic J. Weah, in the ornamentation of the Azerbaijani carpet, one can notice the close interweaving of traditions and influence of Turkish, Persian and Asian motifs, as well as the heritage of carpet elements of the north-western tribes of Iran [2] .
The peculiarity of the Zanjan hearth is the barberry background and the compositions “Norshar”, “Tarush” and “Sultani” developed on it.
Notes
- ↑ Anwar Chingizoglu, Zanjan Khanate, Baku, “Mutarjim”, 2015, art. 176.
- ↑ Joyce C. Ware . The Official Identification and Price Guide to Oriental Rugs. - House of Collectibles: 1992, p. 221. - ISBN 0-87637-882-3, 9780876378823.
Main sources
- Anwar Chingizoglu, Aydin Afshar, Afsharians, Baku, "Shusha", 2008, art. 323-324.
- Anwar Chingizoglu, Zanjan Khanate, Baku, “Mutardzhim”, 2015, Art. 176.