Dolgiev, Adil-Girey Olmazovich

He was born around 1850 ^[2] in the village of Dakhkilg-Yurt, Tersk Region (now the village of Dolakovo, Ingushetia ) in the family of Olmaz and Izi Dolgiev ^[3] . Youth passed among peers in their native village. After the suppression of the uprising of the Ingush peasantry in May 1858 (“ Nazran indignation ”), the peasants of Dakhkilg-Yurt, Toy-Yurt, Cherki-Yurt and other settlements lost their arable land, hayfields and forests that they used. He graduated from one of the first educational institutions in the Caucasus, the Stavropol male gymnasium , together with the future Ingush enlightener and ethnographer Chakh Akhriev ^[4] .

Having received secondary education at the gymnasium, he decided to continue his studies in St. Petersburg . However, neither his father nor his elder brother Bunaho could provide him with material assistance. Enlisting the support of a rural gathering, he appealed to the authorities of the Terek region to assist him on a trip to study in St. Petersburg and to establish a scholarship to him. The administration of the region refused to allocate a scholarship, but allocated 30 rubles for travel expenses ^[4] . He entered the Faculty of Law at St. Petersburg University . At the university he got in touch with the Caucasian community, participated in student circles and gatherings. Under the influence of the works of Chernyshevsky , Dobrolyubov , Herzen , Belinsky , and articles in the journal " Contemporary " imbued with the ideas of Russian revolutionary democracy ^[3] .

In the spring of 1869, a wave of student speeches broke out, during which students of St. Petersburg University, the Medical and Surgical Academy and the Technological Institute demanded freedom of assembly and the right to create student organizations. For participating in "student unrest" he was arrested and kept for a month in the casemate of the Peter and Paul Fortress "for taking part in criminal designs against the holy person" ^[3] . On April 12, 1869, by order of the head of the military investigative commission, head of the secret police department of the current state adviser, Kolyshkin was sent under strict police supervision to his homeland in the Tersk region ^[5] and was deprived of the right to enter higher educational institutions ^[4] .

For two years, he unsuccessfully tried to enter the service, to find any application for his knowledge ^[4] . In December 1871, released from supervision ^[5] . After removing political supervision, he managed to get a job at the Nazran Mountain School, which was opened on February 14, 1868 "for free-coming" students. Adil-Girey Olmazovich participated in improving the conditions of study in the mountain school, paid great attention to the physical development of the children, and also noted that the peasantry felt "the need for knowledge of the Russian language and literacy." In his article “A few words about the Nazran Mountain School” (“ Terek Vedomosti ”, Vladikavkaz, February 12, 1870), he, in particular, rated his students as follows: “In the shortest time, boys, especially the senior department, learned to read very correctly Russians were able to consciously transmit much of what they read. ” Moreover, at that time, illiterate children of highlanders, for whom Russian was not their native language, entered the school completely unprepared ^[3] .

He actively collaborated with the Terskiye Vedomosti newspaper, the editor of which was Adil-Girey Keshev . Periodically, the newspaper was edited by Adil-Girey Dolgiev. Later, a historian-ethnographer S. A. Tukkaev, a journalist G. M. Tsagolov, a poet-democrat Kosta Khetagurov were published in the newspaper ^[3] .

Adil-Girey Olmazovich dreamed of completing higher education and turned to the main department of the governor of the Caucasus and the governor himself ^[3] . In May 1872 he received permission to come to St. Petersburg and in August 1873 he entered the Medical and Surgical Academy ^[5] .

Again he began to actively participate in student circles and became acquainted with the populist movement. He was re-arrested and deported to the Terek region. In 1877, an uprising began in Chechnya under the leadership of Alibek-Hadji Aldanov , which could develop into a new Caucasian war. As a politically unreliable, special measures were applied to him: he was sent into exile in Transcaucasia. He worked in Tiflis (now Tbilisi) in the railway library. He died in 1903 in Tiflis, and was buried there ^{[3] [6]} .

Older brothers ^[4] :

• Bunakho - enlisted in the Russian Imperial Army , which was facilitated by his uncle Malsag Utsigovich Dolgiev, headquarters captain of the Russian army. At his request, Bunakho was transferred from the Yeisk Cossack Regiment to the Ingush division of the Tersk-Gorsky Horse-Irregular Regiment with the rank of major. In 1877-1878 he participated in the Russian-Turkish war) .
• Janchor - also joined as a “hunter” volunteer in the Ingush division of the Tersko-Gorsky horse-irregular regiment.
• Esto - died early.

• Dakhkilgov Sh. E. Adil-Girey Dolgiev: fighter, thinker, champion of enlightenment / A word about the native land: Notes of the local historian. - Terrible: Chechen-Ingush publishing house, 1989. - 152 p. - S. 117-131.
• Nechaevsk. case (Division III.). - Tatishchev, Roar. movement, ch. Xi.
• Dolgiev Adil-Girey // Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia : in 5 volumes / ed. F. Ya. Kona et al. - M .: All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers , 1927-1934.