Akhriev, Chah Elmurzievich

Born May 10, 1850 in the village of Furtoug, Terek region, in the family of the elder of the Dzheyrakh society Elmurza Akhriev. Mother - from the surname of Hamatkhanovs. By nationality - Ingush . In the family he had four older sisters ^[2] .

In 1850-1860, the last period of the Caucasian War ended in the region - the development of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire. During one of the military operations to “pacify” individual hotbeds of resistance, 7-year-old Chakh Akhriev, among other Ingush boys, was captured by a detachment of Russian troops and ended up in amanats (highland hostages who, by their presence among the Russians, guaranteed Russia's loyalty on the part of their societies, villages or surnames). He was brought to the Vladikavkaz fortress, where he was given to the military cantonist school (1857-1862). Thanks to the assistance of his uncle Temurko Akhriev, an officer in the Russian army, his position in Vladikavkaz was somewhat better than other hostage children, he was respected by the Russian authorities and had more freedom ^[3] . Adopted by the family of a Russian colonel ^[1] , who did not have his own children ^[2] .

In 1862-1868, Chakh studied at the Stavropol Gymnasium , within the walls of which a significant part of the mountain intelligentsia began their creative and scientific path. Many graduates from the Caucasus graduated from it, including from the Ingush - S. Akhriev, A. Bazorkin, AG. Dolgiev, I. Bekbuzarov, P. Dakhkilgov, K. Malsagov and others. In the 1860s and 70s, historical and ethnographic study of the North Caucasus and Caucasian studies were encouraged in the Russian Empire, and branches of all-Russian scientific societies were opened. In these years, fundamental studies of scientists A.P. Berger , P.G. Butkov , N.F. Dubrovin , D. Ya. Lavrov and others began to be published. Chakh Akhriev plunged into the world of Russian culture and was among the advanced people of his time ^[1] .

At the end of the gymnasium, due to illness, ^[3] spent two years in his homeland (1868-1870). During this period he was engaged in the collection of folklore and ethnographic materials, which laid the foundation for his literary work. Published in 1871-1873 in the "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders" ( Tiflis ) and the newspaper " Tersky Vedomosti " (Vladikavkaz). He managed to visit various districts of the Terek region, in particular, the Assinsky Gorge and the Nazran District ^[3] . In his works, mainly of an ethnographic nature, the testimonies of the elders of Ingushetia mountain villages are presented, which not only personally witnessed the events and rites of the Ingush culture of the 18th century, but also remembered the stories about the life of their ancestors in the 17th century. According to them, the way of life, myths, legends, rituals, ancient religious cults, customary law, rituals, holidays and ethnogenetic traditions of the Ingush people were described. In addition, Chakh Akhriev was the first to describe the elements of the Ingush Nart epic , for example, he found that back in the 19th century, the Ingush said: “Nart in sanna wa from” (“He is like a sledge!”) ^[1] .

Later, the works of Chakh Akhriev were reprinted in the books Ingush (1996) and Chakh Akhriev. The Favorites ”(2000). During his life, Caucasian scholars, archaeologists, ethnographers, Russian lawyers F.I. Leontovich, B.K. Dalgat, M.M. Kovalevsky and others turned to the work of Chakh Akhriev. Based on his materials, they are currently writing dissertations ^[1] .

In 1870-1874 he studied at the Nizhyn Lyceum , at the end of which he was in unofficial exile for the people's activity - he worked in various administrative bodies of the cities of Yevlakh and Nukha in the Elisavetpol province (now Azerbaijan ). He actively advocated conformity of the tsarist reforms with the interests of the Caucasian peoples and tried to influence the reforms of the Russian state. Because of his civil position, like another Ingush enlightener A-G. Dolgiev , he turned out to be “voluntarily expelled” and sent for a long time to the Transcaucasus ^[1] . Long service activities and moving from city to city did not leave him the opportunity to devote himself to scientific and literary work ^[3] .

On October 16, 1874, Chakh Akhriev was appointed a candidate for official positions at the Tiflis Court of Justice and for 8 years he worked as a candidate for official positions, as an assistant to the magistrate and as a judicial investigator. On November 24, 1882 he was appointed an agent for managing state property in the counties of the Elizabethpol province , and from January 31, 1889 he worked as an official of special assignments for the supervision of populated lands and debt articles. Since May 27, 1897 - Director of the Nukhinsk branch of the Committee on Prisons. From October 23, 1900, he worked as a junior overseer of state-owned lands and consumable articles of the Elizabethpol province ^[3] .

September 28, 1912 was dismissed for health reasons with the rank of college adviser. He returned to Vladikavkaz , where he died of diabetes on April 29, 1914 ^[4] . He was buried in his native village of Furtoug ^[3] .

Further, the study of the culture and socio-economic life of the region was continued by Ingush scientists M. Bazorkin , AG. Dolgiev , A. Tutaev and others ^[1] .

According to the recollections of the daughter of Nina Chakhovna, her father was a modest and sympathetic person, had a sociable and cheerful disposition. A large library was assembled in the Akhrievs' house; he wrote out many newspapers and magazines. Favorite poet - N. A. Nekrasov ^[4] .

Some publications: ^[3]

• Highlanders funeral and commemoration. // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", Tiflis, 1870, no. II, pp. 28-32.
• A few words about the heroes in Ingush legends. // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", Tiflis, 1870, no. IV, Dep. II, pp. 1-33.
• From Chechen legends // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", Tiflis, 1871, no. V, Dep. II, § 2, pp. 38-46.
• Ingush holidays // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", Tiflis, 1871, no. V, Dep. III, § 2, pp. 1-16.
• About Ingush cereals (family crypts of noble families). // "Terek Vedomosti". 1871, No. 17.
• The oath of the Ingush. // "Terek Vedomosti", 1871, No. 20.
• The moral value of the oath of the Ingush. // "Terek Vedomosti", 1871, No. 21.
• About the nature of the Ingush. // "Terek Vedomosti", 1871, No. 30.
• About Ingush women. // "Terek Vedomosti", 1871, No. 31.
• Ethnographic essay of the Ingush people with the application of its tales and traditions. // "Terek Vedomosti", 1872, No. 27-35, 39, 42, 43, 45-49; 1873, No. 3, 21, 22, 24-26.
• Ingush. Their traditions, beliefs and beliefs. // "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", 1875, issue. VIII, Dep. I, pp. 1-40.
• Notes on the Ingush ("On the nature of the Ingush", "Oath of the Ingush", "On the Ingush women", "Ingush porridge"). // "Collection of information about the Terek region", Vladikavkaz, 1878, issue. 1, pp. 276-290.

Chakh Akhriev was married, had five children - three sons and two daughters ^[4] . Wife - Aisha Bazorkina, daughter of Mochkho Bazorkin, a police officer. Sons and daughters:

• Rashid-Bek (1895-1942) - the first pilot from the peoples of the North Caucasus, the first pilot of Tajikistan. He died near Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War.
• Ruslan - worked in the police, died in 1926.
• Tamara - one of the first Goryanka-Ingush women was educated, worked as a teacher
• Nina

In honor of Chakh Akhriev, the Ingush Research Institute of the Humanities was named ^[1] . In 2005, “for outstanding merits in the field of ethnography and many years of scientific activity,” Ch. E. Akhriev was posthumously awarded the Order of Merit ^[5] .

Professor of the North Ossetian State Pedagogical Institute L. P. Semenov ^[1] :

The works of Chakh Akhriev are ethnographic in nature and diverse in themes. The author is interested in issues both generalizing (the nature of the Ingush epos, the origin of the Ingush), and special (oath of the Ingush, Ingush porridge). He pays attention to the distant past of his land, and his present. All his slowdowns and articles are very informative, they reveal the author’s excellent acquaintance with the spirit of the country, with the peculiarities of its peculiar way of life and ancient culture.

Scholar and lawyer M. A. Yandiev ^[1] :

Of course, the cessation of the scientific activity of Ch. E. Akhriev, like many other things, is directly connected with the political regime of Russia, the authoritarian nature of which could not be changed even by the well-known events of 1917 ... One who is familiar with the material that was available to the researcher of political parties life of the Ingush people in the late XIX century. and can suggest what conclusions in the field of political thought could be made on the basis of this material, he will understand the reason why Chakh Akhriev was silent for so early.

• Semenov L.P. Chakh Akhriev. Ingush Research Institute of Local History, 1928 - 12 p.
• Yandiev M.A. Chakh Akhriev (1850-1914) - an outstanding lawyer and enlightener of Ingushetia // Humanitarian and socio-economic sciences. 2003. No. 3. P. 88−92.
• Yandiev M. A. Why he was silent for 40 years / Newspaper "Serdalo". November 22, 2000 (The same / Literary Ingushetia. No. 2 (22), 2002. S. 116-119).

• L. Malsagova. The Ingush enlightener Chakh Akhriev (Neopr.) . The newspaper "Ingushetia" (09/28/2010). Date of treatment January 15, 2013. Archived January 29, 2013.
• Yandarov A.D. Ingush enlightener Chakh Akhriev (neopr.) (Inaccessible link) . INGUSHETIA.RU. Date of treatment January 15, 2013. Archived January 29, 2013.
• Vakha Khamkhoyev. Chakh Akhriev - 150 years old (unopened) (inaccessible link) . INGUSHETIA.RU. Date of treatment January 15, 2013. Archived January 29, 2013.