Grozny region

From March 7 to March 22, 1944, the Grozny district existed in the territory of the former Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , as part of the Stavropol Territory . The Grozny region was formed on March 22, 1944 by a Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR after the deportation of Chechens and Ingushs in February (Operation Lentil) and accordingly the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on March 7 (the same decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council post factum ordered the eviction of Chechens and Ingush , actually already accomplished). On June 25, 1946, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR approved the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ^[2] , and on March 13, 1948, it made mention of the Grozny Region in Article 14 of the 1937 Constitution of the RSFSR ^{[3] [4]} .

On February 25, 1947, instead of mentioning the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR introduced a mention of the Grozny region in Article 22 of the USSR Constitution ^[5] .

The territory of the region was made up of most of the former Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. During the disbandment of the Checheno- Soviet Socialist Republic , Vedeno (see Vedeno district of Dagestan ), Nozhai-Yurtovsky , Sayasanovsky , Cheberloevsky , Kurchaloevsky , Sharoevsky , the eastern part of Gudermes district were transferred to the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . As part of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, they were renamed: Nozhai-Yurtovsky - to Andalalsky (village of Andalaly), Sayasanovsky - to Ritlyabsky (village of Ritlyab), Kurchaloevsky - to Shuragatsky (village of Shuragat). At the same time, the Cheberloevsky and Sharoyevsky districts were liquidated, with the transfer of their territories to the Botlikh and Tsumadin districts of the Dagestan ASSR. The city of Malgobek , Achaluksky , Nazranovsky , Psedakhsky , Suburban areas of the former Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were transferred to the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . The Itum-Kalinsky district , which became part of the Georgian SSR , was liquidated by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , its territory was included in the Akhalkhevo district.

The region also included the Naursky district, which was predominantly part of the Stavropol Territory (outside its “districts”), with the predominantly Russian (Cossack) population, the city of Kizlyar , Kizlyarsky , Achikulaksky , Karanogaysky , Kayasulinsky , Shelkovsky districts of the former Kizlyarsky district.

As a result of this redistribution, the mountainous regions from which the Chechens were evicted territorially made up a smaller part of the Grozny region (a little more than a quarter of its area). Most of it was formed by the steppes between the Terek and the Caspian Sea (to which the region had a significant exit). The outlines of the region had an L-shaped form (it “circled” Dagestan). A large number of settlements were given Russian names instead of Chechen ones.

After the deportation of Chechens and Ingush, the corresponding regions of the region were settled mainly by Russians (initially according to the order from the Stavropol Territory, then from the small-land and central regions affected by the war, including voluntarily), as well as Ossetian, Georgian, Dagestan, Armenian, and Ukrainian migrants. Since most Vainakhs lived in rural areas, the main problem after deportation was the rise of the region's agriculture; therefore, the relocation of collective farmers was especially encouraged. They were given "farmland" and cattle "taken" from the deported. Initially, farmers were allowed to travel by rail to the resettlement site for free. Despite this, the plan for the sowing campaign was not implemented even several years later and was reduced. In the Grozny region, the oil industry that suffered during the war was restored.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR , August 30, 1944, the village of Oisungur was renamed Novogroznenskoye. According to the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of February 23, 1945, in the Grozny region, the Ataginsky district was renamed Predgornensky, Galashkinsky - in Pervomaisky, Staro-Yurtovsky in Goryacheistochnensky, Urus-Martanovsky - in Krasnoarmeysky, Shatoevsky - Mezhsky , Shoveevsky - in Soviet, -Martanovsky to Novoselsky. On June 25, 1946, the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the formation of the Grozny region, made two years earlier by the allied authorities, was approved by the RSFSR authorities. In August 1946, Goragorsky (due to the disaggregation of the Nadterechny and Sunzhensky districts), Kraynovsky (due to the disaggregation of the Kizlyar district ) and Novogroznensky districts (due to the disaggregation of the Gudermes region ) were formed in the Grozny region.

July 1, 1947

• city ​​of Grozny
• Kizlyar city
• Achikulaksky
• Goragorsky
• Goryacheystochnensky
• Grozny
• Gudermes
• Karanogai
• Kayasulinsky
• Kizlyarsky
• Krainovsky
• Krasnoarmeysky (former Urus-Martan )
• Mezhdurechensky (formerly Shali )
• Nadterechny
• Novogroznensky
• Novoselsky (formerly Achkhoy-Martanovsky )
• Naursky
• May Day (formerly Galashkinsky )
• Predgornensky (formerly Ataginsky)
• Soviet (formerly Shatoevsky )
• Sunzhensky
• Shelkovsky

January 1, 1957

• city ​​of Grozny
• Kizlyar city
• Achikulaksky
• Grozny
• Gudermes
• Karanogai
• Kargaly
• Kayasulinsky
• Kizlyarsky
• Krainovsky
• Krasnoarmeysky (former Urus-Martan )
• Mezhdurechensky (formerly Shali )
• Nadterechny
• Novoselsky (formerly Achkhoy-Martanovsky )
• Naursky
• Soviet (formerly Shatoevsky )
• Sunzhensky
• Tarumovsky
• Shelkovsky

Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council

• Ivan Nikolaevich Starchak (1901-1985) 1946-1949
• Georgy Efremovich Kovalenko (1909-1992) 1949-1957

First Secretaries of the Regional Committee of the CPSU (b) -CPSU

• Pyotr Fedorovich Cheplakov (1906-1985) 1946-1949;
• Ivan Kuzmich Zhegalin (1906-1984) 1949-1955;
• Alexander Ivanovich Yakovlev (1911-?) 1955-1957.

In 1956, restrictions on the place of special resettlement were lifted by secret decree from Chechens and Ingush. Although the same decree provided that they did not have the right to return, in fact, several tens of thousands of immigrants had already returned to their homeland in 1956. The question arose of the complete rehabilitation of both peoples and the restoration of the republic on historical territory. The first secretary of the Grozny regional committee of the CPSU A. I. Yakovlev , without objecting to rehabilitation, was against the restoration of the republic in the Caucasus, since its territory was occupied by immigrants. He suggested that the leadership of the USSR create autonomy for Chechens and Ingush in Kazakhstan at the place of their compact residence.

In January 1957, Chechens and Ingush were officially returned from exile, the Grozny region was abolished, and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored by decrees of the Presidiums of the Supreme Soviets of the USSR and the RSFSR of January 9, 1957. On February 11, 1957, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved the decree of its Presidium of January 9 and returned to Art. 22 of the Constitution of the USSR mention of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR ^[6] . At the same time, the former districts of the Grozny region, which were not included in the reconstructed Checheno-Soviet Socialist Republic, were included in other subjects of the RSFSR. The Karanogai, Kizlyar, Krainovsky, Tarumovsky districts and the city of Kizlyar were transferred to the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (where this territory belonged until 1937), Achikulaksky and Kayasulinsky districts - to the Stavropol Territory. At the same time, their returnees were far from always returning their homes, and those who had previously taken their place were not provided with funds for a new resettlement to other regions, which provoked ethnic conflicts. Instead of the lost Prigorodny district, the Naursky and Shelkovsky districts with a predominantly Russian population were transferred to the republic.