Pruchnik, Adam

Pruchnik was born in Lviv on August 21, 1892 in a Jewish family. ^[2] According to some reports, he was the illegitimate son of Ignacy Dashinsky from the sociologist Felicia Nossig. ^{[3] [4]}

He became a socialist in high school. ^[2] As a student, he joined the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia , supported the Polish Socialist Party - Levice ^[2]

Prior to World War I, he joined the Polish militarized organization Armed Forces Union . With the outbreak of World War I, he was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1914, and was seriously injured in 1917. During his recovery in Vienna , he became a member of a secret Polish organization, the Polish military organization . Deserted from the Austrian army. This led to the threat of a military court from the Austro-Hungarian army, but in the end he was released. Then he participated in the battle for Lviv during the Polish-Ukrainian war . ^[2]

In interwar Poland, Prutnik became an activist of the Polish Socialist Party and supported initiatives aimed at improving the working class of the country. He supports the inclusion of Silesia in a resurgent Poland . In 1928 he was elected to the Polish Sejm. Adhered to a more leftist position, in particular, collaborated with the Communists. Under the pseudonym Henryk Svoboda ( Polish: Henryk Swoboda ) he published critical essays in the Robotnik newspaper on the policy of the rightful reorganization of the Polish government, accusing them of undermining the emerging Polish democracy. This led to the censorship of some of his publications.

He worked as an archivist in Piotrków and Poznan . For some time he worked at the Ministry of Culture and Religion of Poland. His attempt to enter the academic environment ended when his application for his appointment to the University of Warsaw was rejected due to his extreme leftist views. Nevertheless, he became a member of the Polish Historical Society, published his articles in historical journals and participated in professional conferences. ^[2]

During World War II in occupied Poland, Prutnik continued his political activities. He took part in underground meetings of the left parties. He supported an underground printing house, was a member of the “Polish Socialists” (PPS left wing group), and advocated cooperation with the Polish Socialist Party - Freedom, Equality, Independence , and the Soviet Union at the same time. May 22, 1942 died of a heart attack. ^[2]

In his historical works, Pruchnik was a strong adherent of Marxist views. He was interested in studying revolutionary processes, including social movements. He has published many articles, both in scientific journals and in the press. His historical studies focused on the following areas: the French Revolution, Kosciuszko uprising; the period of the history of Poland after the failure of the January uprising of 1863-1864; a study on the labor movement in Poland, including a study of the role of women in the Polish labor movement and the recent history of the Second Polish Republic.

• “Obrona Lwowa od 1 do 22 listopada 1918”, Zamość 1919;
• Demokracja Kościuszkowska, Lwów 1920, Warszawa 1947;
• "Bunt łódzki w roku 1892", Warszawa (?) 1932;
• as Henryk Swoboda "Pierwsze piętnastolecie Polski niepodległej", (first serialized in 1933 in newspaper "Robotnik" (censored), first full version translated into German in 1933. Complete Polish editions in 1957 and 1983.
• "W trzynastą rocznicę" Krwawej środy ", Warszawa 1936;
• "Ideologia spółdzielczości robotniczej" Warszawa 1937;
• "Co to jest spółdzielczość. Istota - cel - zadania ", Warszawa 1937;
• Idee i Ludzie, Warszawa 1938;
• Powstanie państwa polskiego, Warszawa 1939;
• "Stronnictwa polityczne Wielkiej Rewolucji Francuskiej", Warszawa 1958;
• “Studia z dziejów polskiego ruchu robotniczego” (editor K. Dunin-Wąsowicz), Warszawa 1958;
• Studia i szkice (editor K. Dunin-Wąsowicz), Warszawa 1962;
• Francja i Polskaw latach 1789-1794 (editor K.Dunin-Wąsowicz), Warszawa 1964;
• “Wybór publicystyki” (editors MM Drozdowski, K. Dunin-Wąsowicz, Z. Marciniak, J.Żarnowski), Warszawa 1971;

• "Próchnik, Adam Feliks," Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), Warsaw , Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe , vol. 3, 1975, p. 712.
• Nicieja S., Biografia i działalność Adama Próchnika - historyka, polityka, publicysty, Warszawa 1986;
• Marciniak Z. i J., Adam Feliks Próchnik (1892-1942), Z pola walki, r.1, 1958, nr 3.