Isaiah Bowman ( Isaiah Bowman ; December 26, 1878, Waterloo , Ontario, Canada - January 6, 1950, Baltimore, USA) is an American geographer and geopolitician.
| Isaiah Bowman | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Waterloo , Ontario , Canada |
| Date of death | |
| A place of death | Baltimore , USA |
| A country | |
| Occupation | , |
| Awards and prizes | [d] ( 1945 ) [d] |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Bibliography
- 3 notes
- 4 References
Biography
He graduated from Harvard University with a degree in geography. Apprentice William Davis .
He taught at American universities, including at Yale University (1905-1915). He undertook three trips to South America, (1907, 1911, 1913). In 1916 he was elected President of the American Geographical Society.
He actively participated in politics as a political scientist and geographer. From 1917 to 1950, he served as director of the Council of Foreign Relations.
He maintained liberal views in politics and immediately supported the peace program proclaimed on January 8, 1918 by US President Woodrow Wilson after the anticipated end of World War I. The program was based on the principles of open diplomacy, free trade, disarmament and the establishment of state borders on a national basis. It was proposed that national autonomy be granted to the peoples of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Germany returned to France Alsace and Lorraine, compensated for the damage caused by the annexation, restored the sovereignty of Belgium, Poland gained access to the Baltic Sea. Based on this program, the United States entered the war on the side of the Entente (1918).
As part of the American delegation, Bowman participated in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference , which summed up the results of the First World War - “The Versailles Peace”. He participated in the settlement of the Polish-Ukrainian conflict (1818-1919).
Analyzing, while in America, the “ Munich conspiracy ” of 1938, Bowman came to the reasonable conclusion that in the future Germany would continue to pursue an aggressive policy, predicted, in particular, the German attack on the USSR. He informed his conclusions in writing to US President Franklin Roosevelt .
Based on an analysis of the outcome and experience of World War I, Bowman considered it necessary for the United States to abandon its previous isolationism policy. In his opinion, the geographical position of the United States — unlimited access to the two oceans, the Atlantic and the Pacific, made it possible to control all continents; relative remoteness from Europe and Asia, provided (also relative, and more and more leveled by the accelerating technical process) safety and invulnerability. Bowman's conclusions were used by US President F. Roosevelt, proving to Congress the need to develop the military industry, strengthen the armed forces, and abandon the policy of isolationism.
Bibliography
The New World (1921)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.