Nesterov (until 1938 - Stallupenen , German Stallupönen , until 1946 - German Ebenrode Ebenrode ) - a city in the Kaliningrad region of Russia , the administrative center of the Nesterovsky district and the Nesterovsky city settlement .
| City | |||
| Nesterov | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| |||
| A country |  Russia | ||
| Subject of the federation | Kaliningrad region | ||
| Municipal District | Nesterovsky | ||
| Urban settlement | Nesterovskoe | ||
| Chapter | Starkov Eduard Vladimirovich | ||
| History and Geography | |||
| Based | 1539 | ||
| Former names | until 1938 - Stallupenen until 1946 - Ebenrode | ||
| City with | 1722 | ||
| Square | 8 km² | ||
| Center height | 65 m | ||
| Timezone | UTC + 2 | ||
| Population | |||
| Population | ↘ 4086 [1] people ( 2017 ) | ||
| Nationalities | Russians - 87.2% Lithuanians - 3.3% Belarusians - 3.2% Ukrainians - 2.7% Germans - 0.8% Poles - 0.5% gypsies - 0.4% Tatars - 0.3% Chuvash - 0.3% the rest - 1.3% [2] | ||
| Digital identifiers | |||
| Telephone code | +7 40144 | ||
| Postcode | 238010 | ||
| OKATO Code | 27224501 | ||
| OKTMO Code | |||
| admnesterov.ru | |||
Located near the border with Lithuania , 140 km from Kaliningrad . Railway border crossing with Lithuania.
It is the easternmost city of the Kaliningrad region.
Content
History
In ancient times, on the site of Nesterov there was a Prussian settlement with a particularly revered sacrificial stone. There is a message from 1730 about the Lithuanians making the Ascension pilgrimage to this Prussian altar.
With the formation of the Duchy of Prussia in these places, the development of lands covered by virgin forest begins. The Lithuanians who settled in the Nesterov area took an active part in the colonization.
It was founded as a settlement with market trade rights Stallupönen in 1539 . In 1585, the first wooden church was built in it [3] . In 1665, Stallupenen received the right to hold trade fairs, which served as an impetus to his economic growth [4] . In 1719, a big fire broke out, as a result of which many buildings burned, including a wooden church, the house of a local pastor and a school. Instead of burned down, in 1726 a stone church was built. In 1722, Stallupenen received city rights [3] .
During the seven-year war from 1757 , when it was occupied by Russian troops, and until 1761 , it was ruled by the Russian administration.
In order to secure the borders , a military garrison was stationed in Stallupenen in 1780 (until 1918 there were three light cavalry squadrons in the city) [4] .
By 1782, 2357 people lived in the city [3] . In 1818, the city became the center of the Stallupenen district. In 1860, the Königsberg - Eidkunen railway line (now the village of Chernyshevskoye ) passed through the city. In 1892 the city became a railway junction - the railway connected Stallupenen with Tilsit, and in 1908 the city was connected by a railway line with Russia (Shitkemen, Szittkehmen), then passing through Goldap to Gumbinen (now the city of Gusev ).
During the First World War from autumn 1914 to February 1915, the city was occupied by Russian troops.
In 1938, as part of a campaign to eliminate the toponyms of Old Prussian (“Lithuanian”) origin, Stallupenen was renamed by the authorities of the Third Reich to Ebenrode. During World War II , a prisoner of war camp of Oflag-52 (1D) was located near Ebenrode, where, according to various estimates, from 5 to 8 thousand Soviet soldiers died [3] .
On October 25, 1944, during an offensive operation , Ebenrode was captured by Soviet troops. Following the results of World War II, it became part of the USSR . In 1946, Ebenrode was renamed Nesterov in honor of the Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel S.K. Nesterov , who died in battles for the city. In the 90s, after the border with Lithuania was drawn up, a border and customs control point for railway transport was organized. Currently, it is planned to transfer the border and customs control point to the village of Chernyshevskoye .
Stallupenen. Postcard of the beginning of the XX century.
Destruction in the First World War
Population
| Population | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1782 | 1875 | 1890 | 1910 | 1933 | 1939 | 1959 [5] | 1970 [6] | 1979 [7] |
| 2357 | ↗ 3763 | ↗ 4673 | ↗ 5646 | ↗ 6294 | ↗ 6644 | ↘ 3205 | ↗ 4004 | ↗ 4745 |
| 1989 [8] | 1996 [9] | 1998 [9] | 2000 [9] | 2001 [9] | 2002 [10] | 2005 [9] | 2006 [9] | 2007 [9] |
| ↗ 4826 | ↗ 5000 | → 5000 | → 5000 | → 5000 | ↗ 5049 | ↘ 4900 | → 4900 | → 4900 |
| 2008 [9] | 2009 [11] | 2010 [12] | 2011 [9] | 2012 [13] | 2013 [14] | 2014 [15] | 2015 [16] | 2016 [17] |
| ↘ 4800 | ↘ 4703 | ↘ 4595 | ↗ 4600 | ↘ 4514 | ↘ 4436 | ↘ 4383 | ↘ 4333 | ↘ 4225 |
| 2017 [1] | ||||||||
| ↘ 4086 | ||||||||
As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 1,086 place out of 1,115 [18] cities of the Russian Federation [19] .
Economics
Butter and cheese factory, peat enterprise , mechanical forestry. Rapeseed, wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, and fodder beets are grown in the Nesterovsky district. Meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding. Deposits of sand and gravel mixtures, peat, brick clay.
Transport
The station of the same name of the Kaliningrad railway is located in Nesterov. This station belongs to the railway line Kaliningrad - Chernyakhovsk - Chernyshevskoe (Lithuanian border). Local train Chernyshevskoe-Kadiningrad. Long-distance trains.
Culture, Science, Education
25 km from Nesterov, in the village of Chistye Prudy , is the Museum of the Lithuanian poet K. Donelaitis .
Architecture, Attractions
Of the German buildings, the church of 1927 and the water tower of 1916 were preserved.
Water tower
St. Leningradskaya
Road to Nesterov
Station in Nesterov
Monument to S.K. Nesterov
Memorial
Church of the Holy Spirit
- Church of the Holy Spirit ( 1991 ). (The Catholic church, built in 1927-1929, was used as a cinema after 1945 and then as a home of pioneers. It was given to the Orthodox parish in 1992. It was consecrated in 1996 in honor of the Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles [20] .
- Chapel of St. Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon [20] .
- Road sign
The list of cultural heritage sites of local importance includes:
- Administrative building of the beginning of the XX century on Vatutina street, 3
- Administrative building of the beginning of the XX century on Vatutina street, 5
- The courthouse of the beginning of the XX century on Oktyabrskaya street, 10
- The building of the hospital at the beginning of the XX century on Sovetskaya street, 12
- Water tower built in 1927 on Chernyakhovsky street
- Memorial at the mass grave of the fallen Soviet soldiers of 1984.
Famous residents of Nesterov
- Viktor Ivanovich Patsaev - astronaut
Name Etymology
The name "Stallupenen" has Prussian roots and means a place (village, village, stone) near the water [3] .
Geography
On the territory of the Nesterovsky district is Vishtynetskoe lake .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Date of treatment July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ Results :: Kaliningradstat
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Website of the city of Nesterov (www.ebenrode.info) (unavailable link)
- ↑ 1 2 City of Nesterov and Nesterovsky District: Chronological table of the history of the district of Ebenrode (Stallupenen) (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment February 7, 2012. Archived August 31, 2013.
- ↑ 1959 All-Union Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1989 All-Union Population Census. The urban population . Archived on August 22, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 People’s encyclopedia “My city”. Nesterov (Kaliningrad region)
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Kaliningrad region. The size and distribution of the population . Date of treatment February 3, 2014. Archived February 3, 2014.
- ↑ The number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009 . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Kaliningrad region. Table 10. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements . Date of treatment November 28, 2013. Archived 2013-11-228.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service of Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived on August 2, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived on August 6, 2015.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ taking into account the cities of Crimea
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019. Table "21. The population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2019 ” (RAR archive (1,0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service .
- ↑ 1 2 Russian churches. Guidebook (inaccessible link)
Links
- Website of the city of Nesterov (www.ebenrode.info)
- Nesterov in the encyclopedia "My city"
- Vishtynetsk Museum of Ecology and History
- Unofficial portal of the Nesterovsky district (www.nesterov-online.ru)
- Official site of the Holy Spirit of the parish of the city of Nesterov (www.nesterov-cerkov.ru)
- The diary of Johann Georg Korb. March 5 (03/05/1698) ... we arrived at Stolupyan. So far, speaking of Prussia, there are no Jews, but in Poland, especially in Lithuania, there are many of them.
- Photos of the Church of the Holy Spirit.
- Photo of the Chapel of the Holy Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon.