Lobki (Bryansk region)

The village of Lobki is located 12 kilometers southwest of Pogar at the Varenets river and is closely adjacent to the land with the village of Borshchovo . Administratively belonged to the Pogarsky hundred, then to the Kurovsky (Pogarsky) volost. Since 1919, it became the center of the village council, and later - the Borshchovsky village council.

Until the beginning of the 17th century, almost nothing was known about the village. Since the 1630s, during the period of Polish possession, it belonged to the nobleman Rachinsky (Rechitsky). This was told by the old-timers of the village during a survey on November 22, 1729: the village voight (head of the non-Cossack estate) Danila Ovhimenko, Andrei Lukashov, Andrei Turulin. Danila Korotky, the husband of Martha Podolyako, the daughter of the city Pogarsky chieftain Artem Podolyaka, signed for them illiterate. Testimony was then given also by a resident of the village Deshkovichi F. Klepiy.

After the expulsion of the Poles, the inhabitants of Lobkov first carried draft duties on the Pogarsky town hall and foremen, and later the village was “in the disposition of the hetman and the army”, and the estates began to distribute them to the Cossack foreman. So, according to the universal of Hetman I. Skoropadsky from April 19, 1709, the village was given to the “Bunchuk comrade” Andrei Dzevulsky. He married the second daughter of the chieftain Artem Podolyaka, having received, in addition, the neighboring father-in-law farm and a water mill on the Varents river. Later, for his many years of faithful service, including the “grassroots Persian campaign,” the hetman DP Apostol secured for him all his acquisitions in Lobki by a wagon of March 11, 1729. The peasants of the village immediately felt the stiff hand of their sovereign and in 1722 were forced to complain about it to the college that had just been created in Little Russia. In the surviving document, they wrote that before that they “had never been a citizen”, and now from Pan Dzevulsky they endure “innocent battles in old age ... and our children are beaten mordovsko, not only to death”. For work, he demanded a drive from each yard for a man with a horse - “every day for work”, not honoring divine holidays, and whoever does not have a horse, “then let’s go.” Many "got" out of the village from such a life. As the historian AM Lazarevsky noted, in those days they got rid of overwork in three ways: they corresponded from peasants to the Cossack estate, left their lands and sat in settlements, switched to sub-villages (courtless Cossacks).

In October 1708, troops of Charles XII invaded Little Russia, starting from the Starodubshchyna. Their forward detachment also approached the Lobki. Here is how Field Marshal of the Russian troops B.P.Sheremetev, following from Pogar to Gremyach, reported to Peter I in Smolensk: “My gentlemen and ministers arrived for better news on October 18, 1708 in Lobki, where the Goltsov Henry’s division stood (from three regiments of Russian dragoons . - Auth.) And under that village the enemy vanguard is ... ".

From A. Dzevulsky, the Lobkov estate was transferred to Ivan Borozdn, the general judge, who, as the second person in the hetman's hierarchy, was supposed to have 300 subjects of the court. From him it passed to the sons Vasily and Ivan, the general bunchy since 1762, the keeper of the hetman military insignia - the “bunchuk” (seventh person in the hierarchy).

As of 1723, there were 17 Cossack yards in the village, by 1781 - 27, and there were 34 courtless huts in them. In 1723, in the village there were 18 peasant households of Dzevulsky and 14 bobyl huts in them. In 1781, the Bunchuk comrade I. Borozdnoy owned 15 yards and 16 huts in them, the widow of V. Borozdny Ulyana - 7 yards, small owners - 11 yards. After the death of a childless I. Borozdny in 1793, part of Lobkov belonging to him went to his nephew Vasily Osipovich Tumansky (Osip Tumansky was a member of the general court). I. Borozdnoy also owned a visiting courtyard, a dam, a barn, a mill on the Varents River (for two millstones) and a hut of a Cossack miller.

The village included a sufficient amount of arable land on which peasants sowed grain and hemp. Spinning and selling oil in Pogar. There were few hayfields, so hay was harvested for a fee in the villages of Lukin, Peregon and Chubarovo. Forest was bought in Lyubets and Sagutyev.

After I.I. Borozdna, Lobki passed into the clan of the famous colonel of the Starodubsky regiment A.M. Miklashevsky, to his great-granddaughter Efrosinya Petrovna Tanskaya, and subsequently were divided among the heirs.

Lobki was considered a village not only owner's, but also Cossack. Together with the Cossacks of the village of Lukin, it belonged to Peregonsky smoking. According to the inventory of 1767, noble Cossacks lived here: the “military comrade” Jacob Lobko - the centurion Pogarsky and his brother Isaac Lobko - the corral of hundreds of Pogarsky. Their father bought land from the local Cossacks and two huts - from Andrei Mandrik in March 1758 and Cossack's underfill Pertarenko. According to the inventory of 1781 in Lobki there were 5 courtyards of elective (going on campaigns) Cossacks, 22 courtyards of their assistants and 4 sub-house huts. Here lived a large family of the city chieftain Pogar (in 1710-1719) Maxim Ivanovich Getun: brothers Mikhail, Vasily, Jacob, Peter and Nikifor (father of Vasily Getun ), as well as the brothers Lukyan, Mikhail and Otroha Getuna; their nephews: Demyan and Jacob Fomichi. In the latter, in 1758, the Cossack brothers Rogovichi bought a dam and a mill on the Varenets river. One of them, regimental clerk and pogarsky captain-commander P.D. Rogovich, had subjects in Lobki, and the brothers Daniil and Fedor Rogovichi bought in 1772 from the Lobkov brothers Lieutenant Konstantin and clerk Aleksey Kosachy a mill for one stake (“millstone” )

A well-known lawyer M.D. Rogovich and his son D.D. Rogovich, who was the chairman of the Starodubsky district council until 1912, were born in the parish of the Intercession Church of the village of Lobki. In Lobki, the daughter of the Starodub judge M. Shirai, the wife of Prince I. Lvov, had subjects. There were lands in Lobki and the Borshch nobles - the father of A.P. Gamaley and his son A.A. Gamaley with his wife A.S.Navrozova.

In 1659-1679 Pogarsky centurion (with a break) was Lazar Timofeevich Lazarenko. He lived in Lobki and according to legend (according to the inscription on the door) in 1675 founded one of the oldest churches in the area - Pokrovskaya. Its buildings are known dating back to 1735 and 1864.

The temple festival of the village was celebrated on October 1 (October 14, according to the new style). The parishioners were residents of neighboring farms: in the 1770s - 370 men and 380 women, in the 1810s - 470 and 510, in the 1860s - 500 and 600, respectively, in 1912 - 1100 parishioners from 162 yards. For example, in the 1770s Lev Voehevich was the priest here, in the 1780s Dmitry Ivnitsky, in the 1890s Vasily Podielsky with Deacon Grigory Kibalchich, as well as Vasily Popov. Borshchovo Lobkovsky parish, consisting of two churches, belonged to the 3rd Deanery District (Pogarsky).

There was a parish school at Pokrovskaya church. The rural Zemstvo public school did not open here. Children studied at Borshchovsky (opened in 1871) and Gorodishchensky (opened in 1909) schools. And only in Soviet times was an elementary school opened. Prokhor Semenovich Deryunov told how in 1930 he was sent to work as a teacher in Lobki, more closely, as a musician of a brass band. Olga Vasilievna Vlasenko and Alexandra Petrovna Kharkov already worked here. He worked with adults on the literacy plan.

In the 19th century, Fedor Maximovich Getun became one of the significant land owners in Lobki. His condition passed to his daughter Anna, and with her hand to Lieutenant Semen Ivanovich Navrozov (born 1807), who increased land acquisitions. His sons became large landowners of Starodubsky Uyezd (sixth place: 1807 tithes and 1577 tithes, respectively). Then the share went to his younger brother Nikolai Ivanovich, who was the leader of the nobles of Starodubsky district in 1889-1901.

In 1940, the century-old resident of Lobkov, Daria Mikhailovna Turulo, remembered with good memory that the Navrozovs only had a thousand acres of land here. The wealthy villagers of Getun, Korolev, Chevpliansky, Shcherbenko and others each had more than 30 dessiatins each (over 300 dessiatines in total), when only 180 dessiatines accounted for 180 poor households. Then the stable of the landowner Tanskaya was still preserved here. Daria Mikhailovna also recalled everyday scenes when Sitnik, the manager of the Navrozovs, took all the chickens from a resident Anton Sipeiko for his feast, and the burmister of the landowner landowner Shepeleva in 1905 shot a peasant Egor Fedoseenko from a gun.

The cut-off sections of the Getuns and Navrozovs were located closer to the Grinev and Pogar lands. Chernozem - on both sides of the Varents. Clay soils were found only in the tracts of Shavli and Lipenka. Hemp was fertilized every 2-3 years. The best gardens were located closer to Grinevo, worse - to Grinevka. The average grain yield was 43 pounds per tithing, buckwheat - 30 pounds. Millet was sown on cleared shrubs. Hay fields on spoons, swamps and bushes stretched towards Grinevo. Pastures were hired by plowing and aftermath.

There were few inconvenient lands. By decree of the Starodub Council on June 16, 1905, a dam was built in the village.

From a police point of view, from about 1858 to the 1890s, Lobki was the base apartment of the 3rd district camp of four volosts: Kurovskaya, Chausovskaya, Grinevskaya and Kisterskaya. The bailiff lived here. Since 1912, the first paramedic appeared in Lobki.

The number of yards and residents over the years looked like this: the 1720s - 49 yards, 1781 - 60 yards, 1799 - 211 men, 1858 - 77 yards (304 men and 305 women), 1883 - 125 yards, 1893 -130 yards (480 men and 462 women), 1897 - 144 yards (984 inhabitants), 1901 - 488 men and 484 women, 1913 - 151 yards. As of 1926, the Lobkovsky village council of the Pogarsky volost included 4 settlements: Lobki (197 yards, 431 men and 488 women), the farm Levdikov (28 yards, 109 people), pos. Kalinovka (12 yards, 76 people) and the village. Zakharkin Guy (11 yards, 54 people). In total, the village council included 248 households and 1,158 residents.

In 1931, three small collective farms were created in Lobki and the adjoining three villages: Krasny Lobki, The Path of the Poor, and Zakharkin Gai. The initiators of their creation were G. Balabko, F. Bychek, An. Getun, T. Ermolenko, T. Pasechko, E. Sipeiko, E. F. Pasechko, M. F. Pasechko and other villagers. In 1937, the collective farms merged into one - named after Ordzhonikidze. The collective farm was assigned 1347 hectares of land. In the prewar years, competing with the "Bolshevik" (Borshchovo), the collective farm became the foremost in the area under the leadership of Anufri Isaakovich Apartsev, a deputy of the Pogarsky district council. The farm was served by Gorodishchenskaya MTS.

In 1937-1938, 6.25 centners of hemp fiber per hectare, 9.65 centners of hemp seeds, 17.5 centners of cigar Tobaccos each were obtained. For these indicators, in 1939, as a participant in the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, which opened in Moscow, the collective farm was awarded with a Diploma of the I degree, prizes of 10 thousand rubles and a car. The link of the tobacco grower Evdokia Petrovna Balabko (four years wore the rank of participant of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition) was awarded the Small Silver Medal. In 1938, two trucks were bought, a sheep farm for 130 sheep was opened.

May 1, 1940 gave birth to its own power plant. In the incubator of the Baklan state farm, the collective farm purchased White Leghorn chickens and opened a poultry farm. The collective farm had an apiary with 160 hives, 185 horses and a mill. The farm worked 18 links. In 1941, a club with 450 seats, a radio center, and a military circle were opened. Help was provided by tobacco seeds in the Sverdlovsk region. The participants of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition were D.S.Sipeiko and I.A. Dmitrochenko.

By a resolution of April 15, 1940, the collective farm (the first in the region) was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, chairman A.I. Apartsev - Big silver medal (thrice participant of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition), team leader Efim Fomich Pashechko - Small silver medal and a bonus of 5,000 rubles.

With the outbreak of war, many villagers went to the front. At a rally held on August 2, 1941, residents appealed to all collective farmers in the district with an appeal to help the Red Army in every way.

Even before the war, along the Osoaviahima line, in the Oryol region, field airfields were equipped, including near Lobki. It was used three times during the war. In the period from August 14 to 19, 1941, the remnants of the 11th mixed aviation division of the Twice Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant General G.P. flew here from Mglin. Kravchenko.

During the Battle of Kursk, the airfield was used by German aircraft. From the brick of the Ilyinsky church that was blown up in 1943 in Pogara, aircraft parking lots were strengthened. Then, over the Lobki, German anti-aircraft gunners shot down one of our three planes that bombed the airfield. He fell into a swamp. In 1950, the remains of two pilots were reburied in the cemetery of the village of Borshchovo . Before the start of the Belarusian operation, from June 23, 1944, the aviation regiment of the 15th Air Army began to be based in Lobki.

As a result of the municipal reform in 2008, the village began to belong to the Borshchovsky rural settlement .

• A.M. Luferov. “Burn out. History and modernity. 1155-2005 "
• The order of the administration of the Bryansk region "On approval of the register of administrative-territorial units ..."