The Life- Giving Source Temple ( Greek Μονὴ τῆς εοττκου τῆς ηγῆς , tour. Balıklı Meryem Ana Rum Manastiri ) is an Orthodox church in Istanbul , located near a healing spring. The ancient building of the 5th — 6th centuries was destroyed in the 15th century by the Ottomans . The building, bearing the same name and located in the same place, was built in 1835. The temple is associated with the tradition of honoring the icon of the Life-Giving Source .
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| Temple of Life-Giving Source | |
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| Location | and |
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There are two versions of the appearance of the temple. The first, described by Procopius of Caesarea in his treatise On Buildings , attributes his creation to Justinian I [1] . Later sources clarify that the materials used after the construction of Hagia Sophia were used for the construction. According to Kedrin, this happened in the 33rd year of the reign of Justinian, that is, in 559-60. Later, another legend took shape, recorded by Nicephorus Calliste in the 14th century, according to which the temple was founded by Emperor Leo I in memory of a miracle that happened to him during his time as a simple soldier. Perhaps this legend was invented by the contemporaries of Procopius with the goal of imparting greater antiquity to his monastery, the very fact of which already in 536 cast doubt on Justinian's priority. Although it is possible that a small temple on this site already existed at the time of the construction of Justinian [2] .
The temple, located outside the city walls in the town of , was repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt. In 626 the Avars tried to capture him. Under Empress Irene and Emperor Vasily the Macedonian, he was reconstructed. On September 7, 924, Tsar Simeon I burned the complex, but already three years later his grandson Peter was married there to Irina , the niece of Roman Lacapinus .
Under Alexei Comnenus, Georgy Monomakh, the ruler of Dirrachia , and the Neo-Platonist philosopher John Ital lived in exile in the monastery. Byzantine sources report that after the invasion of the Latins, the source lost its healing properties. In 1328, young Andronic III Palaeologus used the temple as a springboard for the siege of Constantinople, as did Sultan Murad II a hundred years later . In 1547, Pierre Gilles noted that although the temple was destroyed, it still comes sick.
The restoration of the Orthodox cult began only in the 18th century, when an icon was discovered under Metropolitan Nicodemus and a small chapel was built. After the conflict with the Armenians , the Greeks, with the support of the Turks, were able to defend control of the source. At the same time, the Turkish guard collected duties from pilgrims, which went to the maintenance of prisons [3] . The flourishing enterprise was destroyed in 1821 by the Janissaries , who destroyed the chapel and poisoned the source. Under Patriarch Constantine I , permission was granted to rebuild the church, which was consecrated on February 2, 1835.
The last time the church suffered greatly during the Istanbul pogrom of 1955, after which it was again restored.
The Convent of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Life-Giving Spring, now located at the church, is the burial place of the Patriarchs of Constantinople , who occupied the patriarchal throne from the 19th century. [four]
Notes
- ↑ About buildings, I, III, 6-8
- ↑ Janin, 1953 , p. 233.
- ↑ Janin, 1953 , p. 235.
- ↑ Primates of the Local Orthodox Churches prayerfully honored the memory of the late Patriarchs of Constantinople
Literature
- R. Janin. La geographie ecclesiastique de v empire byzantin. Les eglises et les monasteres des grands centers byzantins. - Paris, 1953. - T. III. - 609 p.
- Procopius of Caesarea. War with the Goths. About buildings. - M .: Arktos, 1996. - ISBN 5 85551 143 X.