The State Institute of the History of Arts (GIIII) is a research and higher educational institution in St. Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad , which existed in 1912-1931.
| State Institute of Art History ( GIIII ) | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1912 |
| Closed | 1931 |
| Director | V.P. Zubov ; F. I. Schmitt |
| Location |  Russian empire  RSFSR |
It was organized on the initiative of Count V.P. Zubov , with the active participation of M.N. Semenov and T.G. Trapeznikov .
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Teachers
- 2.1 Teachers VGKI
- 3 See also
- 4 Comments
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
History
V.P. Zubov recalled that in the spring of 1906 Trifon Trapeznikov told him about Semyonov’s thought that it would be good in Russia to create something similar to the German Institute for the History of Art , located in Florence :
Trapeznikov was waiting for me. We examined the galleries and art monuments of Verona , Modena , Ferrara , Venice , Bologna , Ravenna and finally reached Florence, where we were stuck for a long time. Here I ended up at the German Institute for the History of Art, hosted by Professor Brockhaus , and amazed me with both my beautifully selected library and my exemplary order and my entire scientific production. This institute gave inexhaustible materials and manuals for students of Italian art. I fell in love with this institution to such an extent that I vowed, whatever it was, to arrange a similar one upon my return to Russia. I needed funds for this, which I had very little then. Involuntarily, I remembered Zubov. He has a palace in St. Petersburg and unlimited funds. Since then, I tirelessly, at every opportunity, began to inspire him: we must create an institute, institute, institute!
- Semenov M.N. Bacchus and sirens. - M .: New Literary Review , 2008. - P. 205. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-86793-605-1 .
In 1908, after a meeting, in Heidelberg , of Zubov with Semenov, they began to realize their project. Having contacted large German book companies and browsing through antique catalogs, they, at the expense of Zubov, began to acquire literature on the history of art. In addition, where the Institute is located, it was decided in favor of the first floor of the Zubov family house on St. Isaac's Square , opposite the western doors of the cathedral [1] . For a year and a half, the legal existence of the Institute, cataloging and installation of the library took place. The Institute was inaugurated on March 2 ( 15 ), 1912 . The magazine "Old Years" reported:
“Institute of Art History.
In St. Petersburg V.P. Zubov established and arranged in his own house, on St. Isaac's Square, the Institute of Art History, which opened on March 2. Its purpose is to provide an opportunity for all seriously interested to engage in the history of art, while mainly Western, as a science of self-sufficient, and not auxiliary. Lectures, lectures, joint work are supposed. In the library, which will be continuously updated, the founder has already collected about 6,000 volumes and 60 special periodicals in different languages are obtained. Our company is completely new ... "
The Institute was registered in the city and initially functioned as a library, following the example of the Florentine. However, the library, open from morning until evening, the first months were completely empty and Zubov free training courses, which, after obtaining permission, opened in January 1913. The success was completely unexpected: it became a big fashion to attend the Zubovsky Institute. Zubov recalled: “Having accepted 300 listeners, I had to close the recording due to lack of seats” [1] . Lectures were given at the courses by Baron N. N. Wrangel , Prince S. M. Volkonsky , Baron E. K. Lipgart , P. V. Delarov, O. F. Waldgauer , D. V. Ainalov , V. T. Georgievsky , V. Ya. Kurbatov , J. A. Schmidt , Director of the French Institute in St. Petersburg Louis Reo.
In 1916, he finally received the Charter and was registered with the Ministry of Education as a private higher education institution with a three-year course of study. In the same year, he was recognized as a state higher educational institution and admitted to the public account; teachers received the title of professors.
After October 1917, Zubov hastened to testify to his loyalty to the new government, thanks to which he managed not only to maintain the institute, but also to remain its director until the end of 1924. The skillful policy of Zubov in cooperation with the authorities, his effective management of administrative and economic affairs allowed to significantly expand the activities of the institute. The faculty of the history of music was opened in 1919, and in 1920 the faculties of the history of theater and the history of verbal arts; in 1920 - the research branch of the institute in Novgorod was organized. The senior librarian of the Institute was A. A. Pochinkov .
In 1921, the institute was transformed from a higher education institution into a research institution by a new charter, faculties were renamed into categories, and in 1926 into departments [Comm 1] .
In 1922, the Higher State Courses of Art History (VGKI) were created at the State Institute of Fine Arts [2] , whose director since 1924 was A. I. Piotrovsky [3] , who taught courses on the history of ancient theater and the sociology of art. Courses existed until 1930.
At the end of 1923, the Academia publishing house was transferred to the Institute with the former state and autonomy rights.
In 1925, F. I. Schmitt was appointed director of the replaced Zubov [4] . At this time, the Institute consisted of about a thousand students, in which about a hundred professors, associate professors, and other researchers worked. [1]
After the closing of Ginhuk, K. Malevich and M. Matyushin transferred their seminars to the Zubovsky Institute. Malevich’s last exhibition, dedicated to architects, was held at the Institute in February 1928.
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In 1931, the institute was liquidated by a resolution of the Council of People 's Commissars and transformed into the Leningrad branch of the State Academy of Art Studies (LOGAIS) created by the same resolution.
Teachers
- Department of Fine Arts: S.F. Oldenburg in Buddhist Art; V.V. Bartold on Muslim art; S. G. Eliseev on Far Eastern art; V.V. Struve in Egyptology; O. F. Waldhauer in the art of classical antiquity; in Western European art - J. A. Schmidt , I. I. Zharnovsky , V. N. Rakint , V. A. Golovan , E. G. Lisenkov , N. E. Radlov and V. P. Zubov; in Old Russian art - V. T. Georgievsky and L. A. Matsulevich ; V. Ya. Kurbatov on Russian architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries; D.V. Ainalov on Byzantine art; in aesthetics - N.O. Lossky and I.I. Lapshin .
- Department of the History of Music (supervisor - B.V. Asafiev ): Steinberg , E. M. Braudo , V. G. Karatygin .
- Department of Theater History (supervisor - A. A. Gvozdev : S. E. Radlov , V. N. Vsevolodsky-Gerngross , S. I. Tkhorzhevsky , K. M. Miklashevsky .
- Department of the History of Verbal Arts (supervisor V. M. Zhirmunsky ): B. M. Eichenbaum , Victor Shklovsky , Grigory and Mikhail Lozinsky , M. L. Hoffman , V. M. Alekseev , N. A. Kotlyarevsky , N. S. Gumilev , B.V. Tomashevsky , Yu. N. Tynyanov .
VGKI teachers
- in the period from 1924 to 1929.
- A. I. Piotrovsky - course director.
- V.P. Adrianova-Peretz
- - a course on ancient Russian art,
- - a seminary on folklore;
- N. P. Antsiferov - a seminary on literary excursions;
- A. M. Astakhova
- - introduction to Russian literature,
- - a seminary on the introduction of Russian literature;
- Balaev - methodology of teaching the Russian language;
- S. D. Balukhaty
- - seminary in a special department of poetics,
- - bibliography with practice;
- S. I. Bernstein
- - introduction to linguistics,
- - a seminary in a special department of linguistics,
- - phonetics
- - Russian syntax;
- - a seminary in a special department of linguistics,
- V.V. Vinogradov
- - special department of Russian literature (Gogol),
- - Grammar of the modern Russian language;
- Volpe - a seminary on Russian literature in sociological coverage;
- G. A. Gukovsky - Dean of the Verbal Department
- - special department of Russian literature (drama to Pushkin),
- Gushchin - the sociology of literature;
- V. E. Evgeniev-Maksimov - Russian literature in sociological coverage (Nekrasov);
- V. M. Zhirmunsky
- - Metric course with practice,
- - Western European literature of the XIX century.
- Izvekov - work in the bureau of registration of mass festivities;
- Joffe - historical materialism;
- V. A. Kaverin - a seminary on modern Russian literature;
- B.V. Kazansky - ancient literature;
- -
- Karnaukhova
- - storytelling technique,
- - seminary on the methodology of storytelling;
- Korn - new language (German);
- Leucinger - a seminary on historical materialism;
- Lipovsky - a methodology for teaching Russian literature;
- Margolin - the constitution;
- S. S. Mokulsky
- - Western European literature of the XVI — XVII centuries.,
- - modern French literature,
- - special Department of French Literature (Flaubert);
- - modern French literature,
- V.N. Perets - seminary on methodology;
- Rosenthal - the history of Europe;
- M. O. Skripil
- - political economy,
- - literary excursions;
- Sollertinsky - Psychology;
- B.V. Tomashevsky
- - introduction to poetry,
- - special department of Russian literature (Pushkin);
- Troitsky - pedagogy;
- Trotsky
- - new German literature,
- - special German literature department;
- Falev - dialectology;
- Fursenko - school local history;
- Schmidt - the theory of art;
- L. V. Shcherba - Old Slavonic language;
- B. M. Eichenbaum
- - Seminar on the introduction of poetics,
- - special department of Russian literature (Tolstoy),
- - Two seminaries in a special department of Russian literature;
- - special department of Russian literature (Tolstoy),
- B. M. Engelhardt
- - literary criticism,
- - a seminary on literary criticism;
See also
- Category: Graduates of the State Institute of Art History
Comments
- ↑ The department of verbal arts was headed by V.M. Zhirmunsky . Since 1923, under his leadership, the department has been publishing a series of Questions of Poetics, in which many of the works of scientists who collaborated at the institute were published:
- A. Slonimsky The technique of the comic by Gogol (PG., 1923)
- B. Tomashevsky Russian versification. Metric (Pg., 1923)
- B. Zhirmunsky Rhyme, its history and theory (Pg., 1923)
- B. Eichenbaum Through Literature (L., 1924)
- Yu. Tynyanov The problem of poetic language (L., 1924)
- V. Zhirmunsky Introduction to Metric (L., 19250
- V. Vinogradov Etudes about the style of Gogol (L., 1926)
- Russian prose. Collection of articles, ed. B. Eichenbaum and Yu. Tynyanov (L., 1926)
- S. Balukhaty Problems of dramatic analysis. Chekhov (L., 1927)
- G. Gukovsky Russian poetry of the XVIII century. (L., 1927)
- B. M. Engelhardt The formal method in the history of Russian literature (L., 1927)
- V. Propp Morphology of a fairy tale (L., 1928)
- Russian poetry of the XIX century. Sat articles (L., 1929)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 V.P. Zubov Institute of the History of Art / The Bad Years of Russia.
- ↑ Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg: a guide. SPb., 2007, p. 119.
- ↑ Piotrovsky A.I. Theater, cinema, life. - L., 1969. - P.305.
- ↑ Afanasyev V.A. Fedor Ivanovich Schmitt. - Kiev, 1992 .-- S. 101.
Literature
- Russian Institute of the History of Arts in Memoirs / Edited by I.V.Sepman. - SPb. , 2003 .-- 304 s. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-86845-095-7 .
- Kumpan K.A. Institute of the History of Art at the Turn of the 1920s – 1930s // Cultural institutes of Leningrad at the turning point from the 1920s to the 1930s. - 2011 .-- S. 540-637 .
- Nakov A. Zubovsky Institute of Art History. Petrograd. Leningrad // Encyclopedia of the Russian avant-garde . - M., 2014 .-- T. 3, Book. 1 .-- C. 222—223. - ISBN 978-5-902801-12-2