Flattened affect

Name Options:

Flattening Affect
( English flattening of affect ) ^[1]
Flattened Affectivity
( English flattened affectivity ) ^[1]
Affective flattening
( English affective flattening ) ^[1]
Reduced Affect ^[2]
Emotional Smoothness ^[2]
Flat affect
( English flat affect )
Blunted affect
( English blunted affect )
Dulling Affect
( English blunting of affect ) ^[1]
Emotional dullness
( born emotional blunting ) ^[1]
Emotional paling ^[2]
The flattening of the emotional reaction
Affective stupidity
Emotional stupidity

A flattened affect is a disorder of the affective sphere, limited expression of emotions , their weak expressive intensity. It is characterized by weak emotional reactions, low expressiveness of gestures and facial expressions, modulation of voice and posture, poor contact in the gaze , and, on the whole, the impoverishment of external emotions ^[3] ^[4] . Facial expressions with a flattened affect look “wooden” and lifeless, and feelings are weakly expressed or not detected at all ^[5] . Flattened affectiveness is characteristic of psychopathic individuals, for example, people with schizoid personality disorder, as well as people suffering from schizophrenic spectrum disorders .

Content

Definition

According to the ICD-10 glossary, “flattening an emotional response” means the following: ^[6]

Severely reduced or indifferent emotional reaction. The face and voice are inexpressive and there is no emotional reaction when changing the subject.

Degrees of emotional disturbance

Western division of the degrees of violation of the affective sphere:

Blunted affect ( English blunted affect ) - the expression of emotions is present, but significantly weakened compared to the norm ^[7] .
Flat affect ( English flat affect ) - an extreme degree of dulling of affect, expression of emotions is almost or completely absent: minimal facial expressive manifestations, lack of gesticulation and monotonous voice ^[7] ^[8] .

According to the American classification of mental disorders DSM-5 , a mild decrease in affect is restricted / constricted affect , a significant decrease is blunted affect , a complete decrease is flat affect .

Mitigation of Affect in Mental Disorders

“Emotional pallor” occurs in dementia in Peak’s disease ( F 02.0 ) ^[1] ^[9] , “emotional coldness, alienated or flattened affectiveness” in schizoid personality disorder ^[1] ^[9] , flattening of affect can also be a Parkinsonian side effect taking antipsychotics ^[9] ^[10] (with the so-called "mental parkinsonism ", it is also a neuroleptic deficiency syndrome ^[10] ).

In depression, affect can be mistaken for a flattened one due to a slowdown in the psychomotor activity of those suffering from depression ^[5] .

Sometimes a flattened affect is one of the first manifestations of a schizophrenic process that has begun, especially in cases of a simple type of schizophrenia ^[11] . V. Mayer-Gross attributed flattening of affect to one of the primary symptoms of schizophrenia, in addition to disorders of thinking, delirium of attitude , sound of thoughts, passivity with a sense of impact and catatonic behavior ^[12] .

Emotional dullness, emotional dementia

“ Affective ” or “ emotional dullness ” is also distinguished as a disorder with extreme weakness of emotional reactions (or complete absence) and emotional coldness. In its extreme manifestations, there is also an internal lack of experience: complete indifference to the suffering and feelings of others, as well as to one’s fate. Affective dullness is sometimes found in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia (with a schizophrenic defect ), as well as in some forms of dementia (atherosclerotic or senile dementia , oligophrenia with an underdeveloped emotional sphere) ^[3] ^[11] ^[13] .

The word "stupidity" in this case means passive insensibility ^[14] .

An analogue in Western psychiatry is the term "flat affect" ( English flat affect ).

Notes

↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ World Health Organization . The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines . - Geneva . - 267 p. (eng.)
↑ ¹ ² ³ World Health Organization . International Classification of Diseases (10th revision). Class V: Mental and Behavioral Disorders (F00 — F99) (adapted for use in the Russian Federation). - Rostov-on-Don : Phoenix, 1999. - ISBN 5-86727-005-8 .
↑ ¹ ² Nosachev G.N., Baranov V.S. 5.5.5. Negative emotional disorders // Semiotics of mental illness (general psychopathology) . - Forum, Infra-M, 2015. - ISBN 978-5-00091-086-3 . - ISBN 978-5-16-011041-7 . - ISBN 978-5-16-103106-3 .
↑ A. Morrison, J. Renton, H. Dunn. Cognitive Therapy for Psychosis: A Formulation-Based Approach . - Routledge, 2004. - P. 196. - ISBN 1-135-44780-2 . (English) <
↑ ¹ ² David P. Moore, Basant K. Puri. Textbook of Clinical Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience 3E . - CRC Press, 2012 .-- P. 187. - ISBN 978-1-4441-6494-7 . (eng.)
↑ Symptom Glossary for Mental Disorders: The Glossary of Symptoms Used to Define the Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders in ICD-10 = ICD-10 Symptom Glossary for Mental Disorders / Sub. M. Isaac, A. Janga, N. Sartorius. - SPb. : “Overlayd”, 1994. - S. 34. - 47 p.
↑ ¹ ² Paula T. Trzepacz, Robert W. Baker. The Psychiatric Mental Status Examination . - Oxford University Press, 1993. - P. 49-52. - ISBN 978-0-19-802280-0 . (eng.)
↑ Hoyle Leigh. The Patient: Biological, Psychological, and Social Dimensions of Medical Practice . - Springer Science & Business Media, March 8, 2013 .-- P. 151. - ISBN 978-1-4684-4955-6 . (eng.)
↑ ¹ ² ³ Yu. V. Popov , V. D. View . Modern clinical psychiatry. - M .: "Expert Bureau-M", 1997. - S. 23, 98, 284. - 496 p. - ISBN 5-86065-32-9 (erroneous) .
↑ ¹ ² Avedisova A. S. New opportunities for improving cognitive functions and social adaptation in the treatment of schizophrenia // Farmateka. - 2004. - No. 9/10 (87) .
↑ ¹ ² N. E. Bacherikov, K. V. Mikhailova, V. L. Gavenko, S. L. Cancer, G. A. Samardakova, P. T. Zgonnikov, A. N. Bacherikov, G. L. Voronkov . Pathology of emotions // Clinical Psychiatry / Ed. Bacherikova N.E. - Health'ya, 1989. - P. 80. - ISBN 5-31100-334-0 .
↑Samokhvalov V.P. Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F2) // Psychiatry (Textbook for students of medical universities) . - Rostov-on-Don : Phoenix, 2002 .-- S. 155. - 575 p. - (Series "Higher Education"). - ISBN 5-222-02133-5 .
↑ Stoimenov Y. A. , Stoimenova M. Y. , Koeva P. Y. and others. Psychiatric Encyclopedic Dictionary. - K .: “IAPM”, 2003. - S. 96–97. - 1200 s. - ISBN 966-608-306-X .
↑ Kretschmer E. Body structure and character = Körperbau und Charakter. Untersuchungen zum Konstitutionsproblem und zur Lehre von den Temperamenten / Ed. Gannushkina P. B .; translation from the 2nd German. ed. G. Y. Tartakovsky. - Moscow - Petrograd : State Publishing House, 1924. - S. 190. - 283 p. - 5,000 copies. (Russian)

Literature

Marilov V.V. General psychopathology. - M .: "Academia", 2002. - S. 58. - 224 p. - ISBN 5-7695-0838-8 .

[ICD-10-Clinical-1] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ World Health Organization . The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines . - Geneva . - 267 p. (eng.)

[ICD-10-RU-Adapt-2] ¹ ² ³ World Health Organization . International Classification of Diseases (10th revision). Class V: Mental and Behavioral Disorders (F00 — F99) (adapted for use in the Russian Federation). - Rostov-on-Don : Phoenix, 1999. - ISBN 5-86727-005-8 .

[Семиотика-3] ¹ ² Nosachev G.N., Baranov V.S. 5.5.5. Negative emotional disorders // Semiotics of mental illness (general psychopathology) . - Forum, Infra-M, 2015. - ISBN 978-5-00091-086-3 . - ISBN 978-5-16-011041-7 . - ISBN 978-5-16-103106-3 .

[4] A. Morrison, J. Renton, H. Dunn. Cognitive Therapy for Psychosis: A Formulation-Based Approach . - Routledge, 2004. - P. 196. - ISBN 1-135-44780-2 . (English) <

[MoorePuri2012-5] ¹ ² David P. Moore, Basant K. Puri. Textbook of Clinical Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience 3E . - CRC Press, 2012 .-- P. 187. - ISBN 978-1-4441-6494-7 . (eng.)

[GlossaryICD-6] Symptom Glossary for Mental Disorders: The Glossary of Symptoms Used to Define the Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders in ICD-10 = ICD-10 Symptom Glossary for Mental Disorders / Sub. M. Isaac, A. Janga, N. Sartorius. - SPb. : “Overlayd”, 1994. - S. 34. - 47 p.

[TrzepaczBaker1993-7] ¹ ² Paula T. Trzepacz, Robert W. Baker. The Psychiatric Mental Status Examination . - Oxford University Press, 1993. - P. 49-52. - ISBN 978-0-19-802280-0 . (eng.)

[Leigh2013-8] Hoyle Leigh. The Patient: Biological, Psychological, and Social Dimensions of Medical Practice . - Springer Science & Business Media, March 8, 2013 .-- P. 151. - ISBN 978-1-4684-4955-6 . (eng.)

[Попов-9] ¹ ² ³ Yu. V. Popov , V. D. View . Modern clinical psychiatry. - M .: "Expert Bureau-M", 1997. - S. 23, 98, 284. - 496 p. - ISBN 5-86065-32-9 (erroneous) .

[Аведисова-10] ¹ ² Avedisova A. S. New opportunities for improving cognitive functions and social adaptation in the treatment of schizophrenia // Farmateka. - 2004. - No. 9/10 (87) .

[bacherikov-11] ¹ ² N. E. Bacherikov, K. V. Mikhailova, V. L. Gavenko, S. L. Cancer, G. A. Samardakova, P. T. Zgonnikov, A. N. Bacherikov, G. L. Voronkov . Pathology of emotions // Clinical Psychiatry / Ed. Bacherikova N.E. - Health'ya, 1989. - P. 80. - ISBN 5-31100-334-0 .

[12] Samokhvalov V.P. Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F2) // Psychiatry (Textbook for students of medical universities) . - Rostov-on-Don : Phoenix, 2002 .-- S. 155. - 575 p. - (Series "Higher Education"). - ISBN 5-222-02133-5 .

[СтоименовыЭнциклСлов-13] Stoimenov Y. A. , Stoimenova M. Y. , Koeva P. Y. and others. Psychiatric Encyclopedic Dictionary. - K .: “IAPM”, 2003. - S. 96–97. - 1200 s. - ISBN 966-608-306-X .

[Körperbau-Charakter-14] Kretschmer E. Body structure and character = Körperbau und Charakter. Untersuchungen zum Konstitutionsproblem und zur Lehre von den Temperamenten / Ed. Gannushkina P. B .; translation from the 2nd German. ed. G. Y. Tartakovsky. - Moscow - Petrograd : State Publishing House, 1924. - S. 190. - 283 p. - 5,000 copies. (Russian)