James Sumares (also Sumarez , Somarez or Somarets ), 1st Baron Sumares English James Saumarez March 11, 1757 - October 9, 1836 ) - British sailor Century Sails , admiral , participant in several wars, starting from the American Revolution and until the Napoleonic , commander of the Order of the Bath . Subsequently, Vice Admiral of Great Britain .
| James sumares | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| James saumarez | |||
 Vice Admiral Sumares, 1801 | |||
| Date of Birth | March 11, 1757 | ||
| Place of Birth | St. Peter Port , Guernsey | ||
| Date of death | October 9, 1836 (aged 79) | ||
| Place of death | Guernsey | ||
| Affiliation |  Great Britain | ||
| Type of army |  Royal fleet | ||
| Years of service | 1770 - 1821 | ||
| Rank | admiral | ||
| Commanded | HMS Spitfire | ||
| Battles / wars | US War of Independence
French revolutionary wars
Napoleonic Wars
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| Awards and prizes |
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Content
Biography
Born in 1757 in St. Peter Port , Guernsey Island. The son of Matthew de Sosmares ( English Matthew de Sausmarez ), landowner, and his second wife Carteret. In 1770, at the age of 13, he entered the Royal Navy as midshipman for the frigate HMS Montreal . He changed his surname, omitting the second "c", and became Sumares. At Montreal served in the Mediterranean . Since 1775 he was transferred to North America to the 50-gun HMS Bristol , the flagship of Rear Admiral Parker . In 1778 he was promoted to lieutenant , commanded the HMS Spitfire gallery . August 5, 1778 near Newport , in order to avoid French captivity, burned the galley. The team went ashore.
He then served on the HMS Victory and on the HMS Fortitude , the flagship of Vice Admiral Hyde Parker , with whom he was at Dogger Bank , where he was injured. For courage, he was promoted to commander and received the Tisiphone firewall command. In 1782, he delivered reports to Vice Admiral Hood in the West Indies and was present at the final stage of St. Kitts on January 25 . After that, he was appointed to command the battleship HMS Russell , on which Rodney was in the All Saints islands in the fleet, participated in the capture of the French flagship Ville de Paris .
At the end of the American War, he was discharged ashore.
He returned to the fleet in 1793, was appointed to command the frigate HMS Crescent . On it, in battle on October 20, 1793, the French frigate La Reunion was taken. For this battle, he received chivalry from the hands of the king , and a gift plate from the city of London . June 5, 1794 at the head of a small squadron in the Canal repelled the attack of superior French forces. In 1795 he received the battleship HMS Orion , with whom he was on the island of Grua on June 22 . In February 1797, he also joined the fleet of Vice Admiral Jervis , and distinguished himself at San Vicente , forcing the surrender of 112-gun Salvador del Mundo . In the winter of 1797−1798 with Jervis was at the blockade of Cadiz . In May 1798 he entered the Nelson squadron with which he was at Abukir and again distinguished himself by taking Peuple Souverain and Franklin .
Upon returning from Egypt, he received an 80-gun HMS Caesar , with whom he participated in the blockade of Brest . in 1801 he was promoted to rear admiral of the blue squadron and was granted the baronet . At the head of the small squadron, he was following the Spanish-French fleet in Cadiz. On July 6, he was defeated by Linois in Algeciras Bay , but on July 13 defeated a superior Franco-Spanish squadron in Gibraltar Bay . For this campaign he received the Order of the Bath and the right of free entry to London, and in 1803, the pension of the Parliament .
During the Amiens world he was at home on Guernsey. With the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars, he was entrusted with the defense of the islands.
In 1808, with the rank of vice admiral, he was appointed to command the specially formed Baltic Fleet, held the flag at HMS Victory . Blocked Russia , Denmark and Sweden . For his diplomatic tact, the Swedish king later handed him the Military Order of the Sword .
Since 1812, he acted against the Napoleonic satellites, in alliance with Sweden and Russia. After the conclusion of peace in 1814 he became a full admiral .
After 1821 he did not serve at sea. In 1821-1827 he was commander in chief in Plymouth . As years of service, he received honorary titles and thus in 1831 reached the vice admiral of Great Britain.
He died in 1836 at his home in Guernsey. After him were three sons and two daughters.
Memory
Several Royal Navy ships were called HMS Saumarez .
Makhan dedicated a chapter to him in the book “Types of Naval Officers”.
The image of James Sumares was placed on a 20 pound banknote of Guernsey, issued from 1980 to 1991.
In the literature
He was portrayed in his novels by Forrester (in the Hornblower series), O'Brien (in the Aubrey-Maturin series ) and Stockwin (in the Kidd series), all with varying degrees of fiction.