Tor Cossacks - the name of the Cossack population of the town of Tor and nearby hamlets (aka Solyanoy , modern city of Slavyansk , Donetsk region , Ukraine). Cossacks, often called β Cherkasy β at that time, began to settle here from the 16th β 17th centuries . The ethnic and social group of the Tor Cossacks included Don and Sloboda Cossacks , as well as, to a lesser extent, Cossacks and, probably, other ethnic groups of Slavic origin. In 1721, the Tor Cossacks were subordinate to the Military College ; in the 2nd half of the 18th century, the Cossacks were abolished, and the Cossacks were transferred to the estate of single-palace people .
Content
The emergence of the Cossack community
In the XVI - XVII centuries, the southern border region (Ukraine) of the Russian state, with the support of the government, began to be actively settled mainly by immigrants from the right-bank Little Russia , which was under the rule of the Commonwealth . Settling here near the fortresses of the Belgorod serif line , which barred the Tatars from entering the Russian state, the settlers took over the guard service and military defense of the Russian border [1] . So on the southern borders of the Russian Empire formed a kind of historical region - Slobozhanshchina .
For the Russian kingdom, Slobozhanshchina was a continuation of the cut line , as the protection of the southern borders from the Crimean and Nogai Tatars. That is why the tsarist government provided certain privileges to the local population. So, immigrants to Slobozhanshchina gratuitously owned a certain amount of free land (right to borrow), they retained Cossack privileges and self-government. Slobozhansky settlers were exempted from taxes, they were allowed distillery (in the main territory of Russia there was vodka farmers) and allowed them to freely engage in profitable trades (for example, salt production).
In particular, people have long been attracted to salt lakes on the border of Slobozhanshchina and the territory of the Don Army . Here, at the settlement-fortress Tor and its environs - in the region of the Tor Salt Lakes ( Repnoe , Slepnoe , Krivoye, Veysovo / Mayatskoye, Chervlennoye) [2] , a community of Cossacks was formed, which they began to call βtorskyβ. Also in this area, around various fortifications, other Cossack communities arose, the Cossacks of which were named after their settlements: Bakhmut , Mayatsk and Chuguev [3] .
In the army of Imperial Russia
On March 3, 1721, the Tor Cossacks, together with the Bakhmut and Mayatsk Cossacks, were subordinated to the jurisdiction of the Military College (1 p. On October 27, 1748, the Bakhmut equestrian Cossack regiment was formed from the Bakhmut, Mayak, and Tor Cossacks (1 pz.s. XII. 9545). On June 11, 1764, this regiment was transformed into a regular Lugansk pikiner regiment (1 PSZ XVI. 12179), and the Cossacks who composed it were transferred to the estate of odnodvortsy [3] . The Mariupol 4th Hussar Regiment [4] became the successor, which included the Lugansk Pikiner Regiment [4] .
Notes
- β Boguslavsky, 2004 , p. 363.
- β Kostyrya I. S. Duma of the Tor Lakes // Newspaper βSovetβ. - Slavyansk , 2000 (from 5-12 aug).
- β 1 2 Savelyev E.G. Chuguevsky, Bakhmutsky, Torsky and Moyatsky Cossacks // Tribal and social composition of the Cossacks. - Don regional statements No. 167, 1913. - S. 2-3.
- β Brief Chronicle of Cossack troops and troops that were in the position of Cossack // Cossack troops (Chronicles of the Guard Cossack units placed in the book of the Imperial Guard) / Edited by V. K. Shenk. - Reference book of the Imperial Headquarters, 1912 (reprint edition of Dorval JSC, 1992). - S. 15.
Literature
- Boguslavsky V.V. Sloboda Ukraine // Slavic Encyclopedia. XVII century: in 2 volumes. - M .: Olma-Press, 2004 .-- T. 2 (N - I) . - S. 362β363 . - ISBN 5-224-03660-7 .