Epiphany Solovetsky (d. April 14 (24), 1682 ) - a monk (formerly a monk of the Solovki monastery ), an opponent of the church reforms of Patriarch Nikon . Together with his friend and associate Avvakum he was executed in Pustozersk on April 14, 1682 . Known as the author of the autobiographical "Life." Revered by Old Believers as a martyr .
| Lazarus | |
|---|---|
 Bogorodskie Old Believers. Icon of the XIX century. Epiphanius second right. | |
| Religion | Christianity |
| Flow | Old Believers |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Pustozersk |
Content
Biography
Epiphanius was born into a peasant family, the date and place of birth is unknown. In 1645, he came to the Solovetsky Monastery (presumably from Moscow), where, after seven years of obedience, he was tonsured a monk.
In 1657, after the beginning of church reforms, Epiphanius left the monastery and lived for some time in the Sunaretskoy Trinity Desert on the Suna River (this period is described in detail in the "Life"). Since 1664, together with the monk Cornelius Vyhovsky lived in a hermitage on the Vodla River .
In 1666 he arrived in Moscow at the church council, where he denounced the tsar and the patriarch Nikon. Epiphanius was defrocked and, together with other leaders of the schism, was exiled to Pustozersk . In 1670, the monk cut off his tongue and cut off his fingers, and in 1682 he was burned with Protopopus Avvakum , Deacon Fyodor and the priest Lazar .
Life
The life consists of two parts, with the first part (“Notes”) written by Epiphanius around 1666 and preserved in the works of the monk Abraham, and the second (“Life”) - in 1675-1676 (according to the assumptions of some researchers [1] - in 1673 —1675) In the first part, Epiphanius tells of life at the Sune monastery; in the second, about persecutions for faith and about life in Pustozersk. Like the works of Avvakum, The Life of Epiphania is written in "natural" Russian. However, unlike Avvakum, Epiphanius pays little attention to the actual side of his biography. Most of the "Life" is in the nature of spiritual confession.
Notes
- ↑ Droblenkova NF Early edition of the Life of Epiphanius // Works of the Department of Old Russian Literature. T. 29. - L., 1974.
Literature
- Robinson, A. N. Avvakum and Epiphania's Lives: Investigation and Texts. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1963.
- Zenkovsky S. А. Life of the Epiphany Epiphanius // Renaissance. Paris, 1966. May, No. 173.
- S. Wurgaft, I. Ushakov. Old Believers: Persons, Events, Objects, and Symbols. - M., 1996.
- Karmanova O. Ya. Autobiographical note of the Solovetsky monk Epiphania // Old Believers in Russia (XVII — XX centuries) - M., 1999.
- Ponyrko N.V. Three Lives - Three Lives: Protopop Habakkuk, Monk Epiphanius, Boyar Morozov (texts, articles, comments). - SPb .: Pushkin House, 2010. —296 p.