Jean Rush (Fr. Jean Rouch , May 31, 1917 , Paris - February 18, 2004 , Niger ) - French film director , ethnographer ( anthropologist ), engineer .
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Importance in Ethnography (Anthropology)
In the field of ethnography ( anthropology ), he is known, first of all, as a major specialist who justified and consistently introduced into the scientific circulation the methods of visual anthropology - fixing ethnographic material with cinematic means. However, photography and filming were also previously used by researchers, though less systematically.
Cinema Meaning
In the field of cinema, Jean Rouche is at the origins of such a significant aesthetic and conceptual trend in world culture as “ cinema believe ” (cinéma vérité). The term is a literal translation into French of the name of the famous series of Soviet documentary films "Kinopravda" (1922-1924), released by the KINOKI association led by Dziga Vertov . In France, the term “cinema believe” was first coined by sociologist and film theorist Edgar Moren . The characteristic features that determine the style of “Cinema Believe”, as a rule, are shooting with a manual camera (without using a tripod), free installation, which often violates the basic principles of “comfortable joints”, the use of observation methods, non-interference (documentary) in the hero’s life, an improvisational method ( feature film), etc.
The influence of Jean Rush on the cinema of the “New Wave” is by no means limited to formal (stylistic) aspects. His documentary documentary “The Chronicle of One Summer” (1960, together with Edgar Moren, FIPRESCI Prize at the Cannes Film Festival ) is on a par with the famous directorial playing debuts of the “gang of four”: “Hiroshima, my love” (1958) Alena Rene , “ In the last breath ”(1959) by Jean-Luc Godard ,“ Four hundred strokes ”(1959) by François Truffaut ,“ Handsome Serge ”(1958) by Claude Chabrol and others [6] . In this picture, Rush managed to combine the methods of ethnographic film (visual anthropology) and documentary journalism, creating a manifesto film in which he launched widespread criticism of the cultural system of France and Western civilization as a whole. In the future, the filmmaker includes gaming cinema in his area of focus.
Rush is considered the founder of the Niger national cinema, whose people and culture he highly valued, as well as African culture in general. In his work, he repeatedly addressed the issue of dialogue of cultures : both in documentaries (“I am a Negro”, 1959, “Chronicle of One Summer”, 1960), and feature films (“Little by little,” 1970), therefore it is no coincidence that the name The director is often mentioned in connection with the current “environmental cinema”.
Selected Filmography
- 1955 - Crazy Teachers
- 1958 - I am a Negro
- 1960 - One Summer Chronicle
- 1965 - Paris through the eyes ... (short story "North Station")
- 1970 - Little by little
Documentary Films
- 2017 - Jean Rush in Africa. A friend with a movie camera / Jean Rouch en Afrique, l'homme à la caméra de contact (dir. Idriss Diabaté)
Notes
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ 1 2 Internet Movie Database - 1990.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118603388 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Cinema: Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987.S. 374.
Literature
- Cinema: Encyclopedic Dictionary. Ed. S. I. Yutkevich et al. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987. - 640 p. (Article "Rush, Jean").
- Scheinfeigel M. Maxime Scheinfeigel. Paris: CNRS, 2008.
- Henley P. The Adventure of the Real: Jean Rouch and the Craft of Ethnographic Cinema. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2010 .-- 536 c.
Links
- Jean Rouch on the Internet Movie Database